Myofascial force transmission and tendon transfer for patients suffering from spastic paresis: A review and some new observations

Smeulders, M.J.C.; Kreulen, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.02.002

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…muscle spasticity; mechanical properties; myofascial force transmission; muscle stiffness MUSCLE SPASTICITY HAS BEEN defined as a "velocity-depended resistance to stretch" (24) and arises secondary to upper motoneuron lesions with cerebral palsy and stroke as the most common examples (12). Individuals suffering from spasticity typically experience muscle weakness, enhanced joint stiffness, increased muscle tone, reduced range of joint motion, increased antagonistic co-contraction, and exaggerated reflexes (1,3,6,12,13,32,41,48). These effects severely impair the ability to perform daily activities, and treatment is often needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-specific changes in length-force characteristics of the calf muscles in the spastic Han-Wistar rat

Olesen

Jensen

Uhlendorf

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Olesen AT, Jensen BR, Uhlendorf TL, Cohen RW, Baan GC, Maas H. Muscle-specific changes in length-force characteristics of the calf muscles in the spastic Han-Wistar rat. J Appl Physiol 117: 989-997, 2014. First published September 4, 2014 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00587.2014.-The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle mechanical properties and mechanical interaction between muscles in the lower hindlimb of the spastic mutant rat. Length-force characteristics of gastrocnemius (GA), soleus (SO), and plantaris (PL) were assessed in anesthetized spastic and normally developed Han-Wistar rats. In addition, the extent of epimuscular myofascial force transmission between synergistic GA, SO, and PL, as well as between the calf muscles and antagonistic tibialis anterior (TA), was investigated. Active length-force curves of spastic GA and PL were narrower with a reduced maximal active force. In contrast, active length-force characteristics of spastic SO were similar to those of controls. In reference position (90°ankle and knee angle), higher resistance to ankle dorsiflexion and increased passive stiffness was found for the spastic calf muscle group. At optimum length, passive stiffness and passive force of spastic GA were decreased, whereas those of spastic SO were increased. No mechanical interaction between the calf muscles and TA was found. As GA was lengthened, force from SO and PL declined despite a constant muscle-tendon unit length of SO and PL. However, the extent of this interaction was not different in spastic rats. In conclusion, the effects of spasticity on length-force characteristics were muscle specific. The changes observed for GA and PL muscles are consistent with the changes in limb mechanics reported for human patients. Our results indicate that altered mechanics in spastic rats cannot be attributed to differences in mechanical interaction, but originate from individual muscular structures. muscle spasticity; mechanical properties; myofascial force transmission; muscle stiffness MUSCLE SPASTICITY HAS BEEN defined as a "velocity-depended resistance to stretch" (24) and arises secondary to upper motoneuron lesions with cerebral palsy and stroke as the most common examples (12). Individuals suffering from spasticity typically experience muscle weakness, enhanced joint stiffness, increased muscle tone, reduced range of joint motion, increased antagonistic co-contraction, and exaggerated reflexes (1,3,6,12,13,32,41,48). These effects severely impair the ability to perform daily activities, and treatment is often needed.To asses whether some of these symptoms are related to altered mechanical properties of muscle-tendon units (MTUs), passive and active length-force characteristics have been estimated as joint moment as a function of gastrocnemius (GA) fascicle length. Spastic GA was found to be stiffer than normally developed in such studies (2, 3). The active lengthforce curve of the spastic GA was narrower and the optimum length was shifted to a shorter fascicle length than in normally deve...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-specific changes in length-force characteristics of the calf muscles in the spastic Han-Wistar rat

Olesen

Jensen

Uhlendorf

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…In human patients suffering from spastic paresis, such load becomes very apparent after tenotomy of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscle. As the wrist is moved from palmar flexion, the tenotomized passive or active FCU is lengthened, despite the fact that FCU no longer crosses the wrist (Kreulen et al 2003;Smeulders and Kreulen 2007). These results indicate that extending the wrist causes a distally directed force to be exerted onto FCU, presumably by straining of the neurovascular tract or other myofascial connections.…”

Section: Extramuscular Myofascial Force Transmission Between Antagonimentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Key in understanding such interaction is the fact that the transmission of muscle force via myofascial pathways is inherent to the integration of muscles within a higher level of tissue organization. Therefore, any muscle in vivo may be affected by myofascial force transmission, and considering myofascial structures as co-determinants of muscle force has already proven to be successful in human tendon transfer surgery (Smeulders and Kreulen 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of firing frequency on length-dependent myofascial force transmission between antagonistic and synergistic muscle groups

2008

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Effects of stimulation frequency on myofascial force transmission between rat peroneal and triceps surae and antagonistic anterior crural muscles, and between extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus (TA + EHL) muscles were investigated for lengthening of all anterior crural muscles. Muscles contracted isometrically at firing rates of 10, 20, 30 and 100 Hz. EDL and TA + EHL were distally lengthened. Peroneal and triceps surae muscles attained a constant muscle-tendon complex length. Peroneal and triceps surae distal active force decreased significantly as a function of anterior crural muscle length, also at submaximal activation. The absolute decrease was highest for 100 Hz (peroneal muscles -0.87 N; triceps surae muscles -0.92 N), but the highest normalized decrease occurred at 10 Hz stimulation (peroneal muscles -34%; triceps surae muscles -18%). At all muscle lengths, a negative proximo-distal difference in EDL active force was present which decreased with lower firing frequencies (from -0.4 N at 100 Hz to -0.03 N at 10 Hz). The passive proximo-distal force difference attained positive values. EDL and TA + EHL length-force characteristics agree with effects of firing frequency, except for 10 Hz stimulation, where active force was higher than expected and optimum length shifted to lower muscle lengths. It is concluded that also at submaximal stimulation frequencies, extramuscular myofascial force transmission between peroneal and triceps surae muscles and antagonistic anterior crural muscles is substantial. Although lengthening of submaximally active anterior crural muscles decreases the net myofascially transmitted load on EDL, myofascial force transmission significantly alters effects of firing frequency on length-force characteristics.

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“…Mechanical connections between a muscle and synergistic muscles have been the subject of many years of investigation by Huijing, a key speaker from the 2007 Fascia Congress, and two of the four papers in this section (Kreulen et al, (5) and Huijing (6) ) come from his research group. Maas and Sandercock (3) suggest that the existence of these connections does not mean that, in normal physiologic conditions, they are active, because these authors find that the soleus muscle in the cat (a single-joint muscle) acts mechanically independently of the neighboring muscles that cross both the ankle and the knee.…”

Section: Fascia Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1,2) The biomechanics of these connections and the potential applications for human surgery is the second area in which papers are presented. (3)(4)(5)(6) The spotlight then moves to the cellular and histologic levels, (7)(8)(9)(10) looking in detail at how individual cells respond to mechanical forces. (11,12) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fascia Research II: Second International Fascia Research Congress

Findley¹

2009

IJTMB

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Myofascial force transmission and tendon transfer for patients suffering from spastic paresis: A review and some new observations

Cited by 50 publications

References 89 publications

Muscle-specific changes in length-force characteristics of the calf muscles in the spastic Han-Wistar rat

Muscle-specific changes in length-force characteristics of the calf muscles in the spastic Han-Wistar rat

Effects of firing frequency on length-dependent myofascial force transmission between antagonistic and synergistic muscle groups

Fascia Research II: Second International Fascia Research Congress

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