Myosin Heavy Chain Composition and Fiber Size of the Cricopharyngeus Muscle in Patients with Achalasia and Normal Subjects

Davis, Melinda V.; Meratı, Albert L.; Jaradeh, Safwan; Blumin, Joel H.

doi:10.1177/000348940711600903

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The type I myofibres provide the tonic force for maintaining closure of the upper oesophageal sphincter (Davis et al . ). Interestingly in murine cricopharyngeal muscle, we observed an inner layer of myofibres expressing neonatal MHC, instead of type I MHC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ageing and muscular dystrophy differentially affect murine pharyngeal muscles in a region‐dependent manner

Randolph

Luo

et al. 2014

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr Millions of elderly individuals have dysphagia, a debilitating and life-threatening condition in which the ability to swallow is impaired.r Several muscles surround the three regions of the pharynx, which are essential for proper swallowing, yet the effects of ageing and disease on these muscles are not well understood.r We demonstrate that the fibre size of murine pharyngeal muscles is differentially affected by ageing and muscular dystrophy depending on their location within the pharynx.r Using a mouse model of an age-associated dysphagic disease (oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy), we show that overexpression of wild-type polyadenylate binding nuclear protein 1 in muscle tissue prevents age-related dysphagia and age-related muscle atrophy of laryngopharyngeal muscles.r These results demonstrate that mice are an excellent model for studying mechanisms of ageing and disease on pharyngeal muscle physiology, and such studies could lead to new therapies for individuals with dysphagia.Abstract The inability to swallow, or dysphagia, is a debilitating and life-threatening condition that arises with ageing or disease. Dysphagia results from neurological or muscular impairment of one or more pharyngeal muscles, which function together to ensure proper swallowing and prevent the aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs. Little is known about the effects of age or disease on pharyngeal muscles as a group. Here we show ageing affected pharyngeal muscle growth and atrophy in wild-type mice depending on the particular muscle analysed. Furthermore, wild-type mice also developed dysphagia with ageing. Additionally, we studied pharyngeal muscles in a mouse model for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, a dysphagic disease caused by a polyalanine expansion in the RNA binding protein, PABPN1. We examined pharyngeal muscles of mice overexpressing either wild-type A10 or mutant A17 PABPN1. Overexpression of mutant A17 PABPN1 differentially affected growth of the palatopharyngeus muscle dependent on its location within the pharynx. Interestingly, overexpression of wild-type A10 PABPN1 was protective against age-related muscle atrophy in the laryngopharynx and prevented the development of age-related dysphagia. These results demonstrate that pharyngeal muscles are differentially affected by both ageing and muscular dystrophy in a region-dependent manner. These studies lay important groundwork for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate pharyngeal muscle growth and atrophy, which may lead to novel therapies for individuals with dysphagia. Abbreviations A10-WT, wild-type A10.1 PABPN1 overexpression transgenic mouse; A17-MUT, mutant A17.1 PABPN1 overexpression transgenic mouse; FVB, Friend leukaemia virus B; H&E, haematoxylin and eosin; MHC, myosin heavy chains; OPMD, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy; PABPN1, polyadenylate binding nuclear protein 1; type I, slow twitch oxidative myofibre; type II, fast twitch glycolytic myofibre; WT, wild-type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ageing and muscular dystrophy differentially affect murine pharyngeal muscles in a region‐dependent manner

Randolph

Luo

et al. 2014

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Some researchers have investigated the histology of cricopharyngeal dysfunction, and one paper has suggested that there are histological patterns in specimens taken from the cricopharyngeus muscle that can predict responses to botulinum toxin 30 . However, there are no clear trends in this study and in other papers, and the sample sizes reported are far too small to draw any conclusions 2 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Endoscopic-guided injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus muscle: our experience

et al. 2015

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“…In humans the cricopharyngeal muscle has been shown to be made up of 72 % type I myosin heavy chain fibres. It was, however, found that there is no statistical difference in the isoform and type of myosin heavy chain fibres between humans with CA and normal patients 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, the presence of the foreign material that is very slowly removed via macrophages will worsen any aspiration pneumonia present. It has been reported in humans that barium sulphate can cause a non-fibrotic form of pneumoconiosis 2,6 .…”

Section: Radiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An anatomical and clinical review of cricopharyngeal achalasia in the dog

Elliott¹

2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Cricopharyngeal achalasia is a rare cause of dysphagia in the dog. However it must be differentiated from other causes of dysphagia as it is treatable with surgery. It is a disruption of the cricopharyngeal phase of the oropharyngeal phase of deglutition. There appears to be an incoordination in the swallowing process between the relaxation of the rostral, middle pharyngeal muscles and the caudal pharyngeal muscles. It is seen as a primary condition in young animals presenting soon after weaning onto solid food. The dogs appear clinically healthy unless there is secondary aspiration pneumonia or emaciation. These dogs may present as respiratory emergencies and require intensive support and treatment prior to corrective surgery. The diagnosis is made on videofluoroscopy. The condition carries a good prognosis for cure with surgical myectomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle and the thyropharyngeal muscle, which make up the upper oesophageal sphincter. Temporary relief prior to surgery can be achieved by injection of the cricopharyngeal muscle with botulism toxin. Surgical treatment for dysphagia secondary to an underlying neurological, neuromuscular or pharyngeal weakness carries a guarded prognosis and will make aspiration pneumonia worse

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Myosin Heavy Chain Composition and Fiber Size of the Cricopharyngeus Muscle in Patients with Achalasia and Normal Subjects

Abstract: Patients with CA had relatively fewer type I fibers, although the difference was not statistically significant. The MHC isoform composition and fiber size were not different between CA patients and normal subjects. This is the first report to characterize the CPM in patients with CA.

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Ageing and muscular dystrophy differentially affect murine pharyngeal muscles in a region‐dependent manner

Ageing and muscular dystrophy differentially affect murine pharyngeal muscles in a region‐dependent manner

Endoscopic-guided injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus muscle: our experience

An anatomical and clinical review of cricopharyngeal achalasia in the dog

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