Myricetin: a Multifunctional Flavonol in Biomedicine

Abstract

Purpose of Reveiw The root cause of many diseases like CVD, cancer, and aging is free radicals which exert their effect by interfering with different metabolic pathways. The sources of free radicals can be exogenous, like UV rays from sunlight, and endogenous due to different metabolic by-products. In our body, there are defense mechanisms present, such as antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules to combat these free radicals, but if there is an overload of these free radicals in our body, the defense system may not be sufficient to neutralize these free radicals. In such situations, we are exposed to a chronic low dose of oxidants creating oxidative stress, which is responsible for eliciting different diseases. Recent Findings Pubmed and Google Scholar are the search engines used to sort out relevant papers on myricetin and its role in combating many diseases. Myricetin is present in many fruits and vegetables and is a known antioxidant. It can elevate the antioxidant enzyme levels; reduces the lipid peroxidation; and is known to protect against cancer. In the case of myocardial dysfunction, myricetin has been shown to suppress the inflammatory cytokines and reduced the mortality rate. Myricetin has also been found to reduce platelet aggregation and control the viral infections by interfering in the DNA replication pathways. Summary In this paper, we have briefly reviewed about the different type and site of free radicals and the role of myricetin in addressing the ROS and different diseases.

Myricetin Suppresses Ovarian Cancer In Vitro by Activating the p38/Sapla Signaling Pathway and Suppressing Intracellular Oxidative Stress

“…Current OC treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and a combination of the two. Despite advances in OC treatment strategies, its 5-year survival rate is about 40% ( 4 ). Moreover, almost all cancer chemotherapies cause significant toxicity to normal cells.…”

“…It has nutraceutical effects and antioxidant properties. Its pharmacological activities include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, liver protection, and cardioprotective effects ( 4 – 6 ). Recent studies show that Myr has anti-cancer cells activity and markedly low toxicity to normal cells.…”

Valorization of Phenolic and Carotenoid Compounds of Sechium edule (Jacq. Swartz) Leaves: Comparison between Conventional, Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Approaches

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the phenolic profile of chayote leaf extracts prepared by ultrasound, microwave, and maceration extraction techniques. The literature contains only two studies which have focused on the phenolic composition of chayote leaf extracts [ 7 , 27 ], and both adopted the maceration extraction technique. Siciliano et al [ 6 ] prepared chayote leaves extracts by exhaustive maceration with chloroform and methanol, at room temperature for 48 h, and characterized eight flavonoids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.…”

Myricetin as a Potential Adjuvant in Chemotherapy: Studies on the Inhibition of Human Glutathione Transferase A1–1

“…MYR is one of the most common flavonoids in fruits, vegetables, herbs, tea, and red wine and displays a range of diverse bioactivities in different cell processes [ 21 , 22 ], such as apoptosis, glycolysis, cell cycle, energy balance, lipid level, and osteoclastogenesis [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition, MYR has been shown to affect cancer cells through diverse mechanisms.…”

“…For example, it suppresses cancer cell invasion and metastasis, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Furthermore, MYR has been shown to promote apoptosis by regulating Bcl−2 proteins, MAPK, and Wnt/ β -catenin signaling, and by stimulating ROS-mediated stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and DNA damage [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. MYR is also involved in modulating other cell pathways such as PI3K/Akt pathway, Nrf2 signaling, mTOR pathway, Ras/Raf pathway, and JAK/STAT pathway and Btk [ 28 ].…”