Myrtenal inhibits acetylcholinesterase, a known Alzheimer target

Kaufmann, Dorothea; Dogra, Anudeep Kaur; Wink, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01344.x

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The different activity of 3‐carene and 2‐carene is due to the position of the double bond and also oxygenated functional groups decrease the inhibition of AChE . Other researchers described a good AChE inhibitory activity for myrtenal (Figure a, Table ), an aldehyde, while Miyazawa and Yamafuji observed that myrtenol, an alcohol, does not have relevant activity . Savelev and collaborators studied the inhibition of BuChE by monoterpenoids.…”

Section: Terpenic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36] Cymserine is more potent than rivastigmine, due to the presence in cymserine of the basic structure of physostigmine, which is not present in rivastigmine [68] N.F. Limbatolide A 38.5 Electric eel [69] 22.3 Horse serum [69] Limbatolide B 47.2 Electric eel [69] 17.5 Horse serum [69] Limbatolide C 103.7 Electric eel [69] 14.2 Horse serum [69] Myrtenal 170 N.M. [70] N.F. Taraxerol 98.4 N.M. [71] N.F.…”

Section: -Carene 200mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment

Pinho

Ferreres

Valentão

et al. 2013

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, being responsible for high healthcare costs and familial hardships. Despite the efforts of researchers, no treatment able to delay or stop AD progress exists. Currently, the available treatments are only symptomatic, cholinesterase inhibitors being the most widely used drugs. Here we describe several natural compounds with anticholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) activity and also some synthetic compounds whose structures are based on those of natural compounds. Key findings Galantamine and rivastigmine are two cholinesterase inhibitors used in therapeutics: galantamine is a natural alkaloid that was extracted for the first time from Galanthus nivalis L., while rivastigmine is a synthetic alkaloid, the structure of which is modelled on that of natural physostigmine. Alkaloids include a high number of compounds with anticholinesterases activity at the submicromolar range. Quinones and stilbenes are less well studied regarding cholinesterase inhibition, although some of them, such as sargaquinoic acid or (+)-a-viniferin, show promising activity. Among flavonoids, flavones and isoflavones are the most potent compounds. Xanthones and monoterpenes are generally weak cholinesterase inhibitors. Summary Nature is an almost endless source of bioactive compounds. Several natural compounds have anticholinesterase activity and others can be used as leader compounds for the synthesis of new drugs.

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Section: Terpenic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Carene 200mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment

Pinho

Ferreres

Valentão

et al. 2013

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…Two studies indicated its anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo [12], [13]. In the central nervous system, CAR was regarded as a potential drug for Alzheimer's disease due to its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by using phenolic hydroxyl group of CAR to bind to AChE and leading to a loss of function of AChE [14], [15], [16]. In addition, CAR was found to have an antidepressant-like effect in mice by affecting the dopaminergic system [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carvacrol, a Food-Additive, Provides Neuroprotection on Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

et al. 2012

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Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring monoterpenic phenol and food additive, has been shown to have antimicrobials, antitumor, and antidepressant-like activities. A previous study demonstrated that CAR has the ability to protect liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CAR on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. We found that CAR (50 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits after 75 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. This neuroprotection was in a dose-dependent manner. Post-treatment with CAR still provided protection on infarct volume when it was administered intraperitoneally at 2 h after reperfusion; however, intracerebroventricular post-treatment reduced infarct volume even when the mice were treated with CAR at 6 h after reperfusion. These findings indicated that CAR has an extended therapeutic window, but delivery strategies may affect the protective effects of CAR. Further, we found that CAR significantly decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, suggesting the anti-apoptotic activity of CAR. Finally, our data indicated that CAR treatment increased the level of phosphorylated Akt and the neuroprotection of CAR was reversed by a PI3K inhibitor LY-294002, demonstrating the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of CAR. Due to its safety and wide use in the food industry, CAR is a promising agent to be translated into clinical trials.

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“…praeteritum oils for anti-neurodegenerative activity via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase revealed that the oil A showed higher inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 0.74 mg/mL than the oil B (IC50 of 1.78 mg/mL). Anti-cholinesterase effects of 1,8-cineole, camphor and terpinen-4-ol which were the main constituents of the oil A have earlier been reported in a number of papers (34,(64)(65)(66).…”

Section: Free Radical Scavenging Activity (Dpph Assay)mentioning

confidence: 80%

Chemical Diversity and Biological Potential of Tanacetum praeteritum subsp. praeteritum Essential Oils

Özek

2018

Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry

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Two samples of Tanacetum praeteritum (Horwood) Heywood subsp. praeteritum (Horwood) were collected in flowering period and subjected separately to hydrodistillation to yield the essential oils (A and B). The oils were investigated for chemical composition with GC-FID and GC/MS techniques and evaluated against acetylcholinesterase and -amylase enzymes and free radicals (DPPH • and ABTS •+ ) using microtiter plate assays. Both oils were characterized with high abundance of oxygenated monoterpenes. The oils were distinguished by the main constituents, namely, camphor (37.6%), 1,8-cineole (19.5%) and terpinen-4-ol (9.3%) were found as the major constituents in the oil A, while -thujone (79.4%) and -thujone (8.5%) were detected in the oil B. The oils demonstrated significant inhibitory (80% and 60.0%) potentials on acetylcholinesterase (an IC50 of 0.74 mg/mL and an IC50 of 1.78 mg/mL, respectively) which is involved in Alzheimer's disease. With respect to antidiabetic activity, the oils demonstrated significant inhibiting potential on porcine pancreatic -amylase (an IC50 of 1.02 mg/mL and an IC50 of 0.89 mg/mL) in I2/KI assay. The oils demonstrated weak free radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and moderate activity (0.23 mM and 0.15 mM) against ABTS +• in TEAC assay.

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Myrtenal inhibits acetylcholinesterase, a known Alzheimer target

Abstract: Our investigations provided evidence for the efficacy of monoterpenes as inhibitors of AChE.

Cited by 63 publications

References 26 publications

Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment

Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment

Carvacrol, a Food-Additive, Provides Neuroprotection on Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

Chemical Diversity and Biological Potential of Tanacetum praeteritum subsp. praeteritum Essential Oils

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