Myzostomida Are Not Annelids: Molecular and Morphological Support for a Clade of Animals with Anterior Sperm Flagella

Abstract

The myzostomes are animals with five pairs of parapodia, living as commensals or (endo)parasites mostly on cri-

A modern approach to rotiferan phylogeny: Combining morphological and molecular data

“…4), hence it can be considered as well supported. Zrzavý (2001b) suggested the name Lemniscea for this clade, although the name was originally proposed for a clade consisting only of Bdelloidea and Acanthocephala (Garey et al, 1996). We prefer to avoid this name, as the presence of lemnisci in Bdelloidea and Seisonidea is doubtful (Ricci, 1998b; see discussion for character 8 in Appendix A), and introduce the new name Hemirotifera instead.…”

LifeWatchGreece: Research infrastructure (ESFRI) for biodiversity data and data observatories

“…Rouse and Pleijel 2001, de Oliveira Almeida et al 2003, Weigert and Bleidorn 2016 and the higher classification of Annelida has been in a constant flux over the last years (e.g. Zrzavý et al 2001, Helm et al 2012, Weigert and Bleidorn 2016. As the phylogenetic position of many groups within the Annelida is not yet resolved, we chose to restrict the "polychaetes" to their traditional definition in this checklist and include those clades covered by Rouse and Pleijel (2001).…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cephalothrix simula (Iwata) (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea)

“…Nemertea was placed as the sister group of Brachiopoda in a few other studies using other datasets, e.g., myosin heavy chain type II (Ruiz-Trillo et al, 2002), three combined nuclear genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and EFla) (Struck et al, 2007); concatenated nuclear, ribosomal and mitochondrial genes (Bourlat et al, 2008), and expressed sequence tags for two nemerteans (or Brachiopoda + Phoronida; Dunn et al, 2008). However, Zrzavy et al (1998Zrzavy et al ( , 2001) inferred a sister relationship between Nemertea and Sipuncula, and Giribet et al (2004) did so with Entoprocta. Whereas there is increasing consensus among molecular analyses to support nemerteans as coelomate lophotrochozoans, placement of Nemertea within Lophotrochozoa remains in doubt, with analyses apparently influenced by the molecular markers and methods employed, as well as by taxon sampling.…”