n-3 Ingestion may modulate the severity of periodontal disease? Systematic review

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of n-3 ingestion on periodontal disease. Besides, we also investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and/or aracdonic acid (AA), and periodontal disease. An electronic search was performed in several databases with the following keywords: "n-3," DHA, EPA and polynsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in combination with the term "periodontal disease" (PD). Only studies conducted with humans, involving clinical parameters of PD assessment and use of n-3 were selected, without restriction to the date of publication. The search has returned 1368 articles, 11 of which were selected. The results were separated according to the type of n-3 ingestion: supplementation or n-3 content in normal diet. In the studies where n-3 has been supplemented, there was no significant difference in the clinical severity of PD compared to the control subjects. However, in patients where levels of n-3 were evaluated in a usual diet, a lower disease severity was reported. We have detected a preventive effect related to plasma levels of EPA and DHA against PD progression. Thus, n-3 ingestion may beneficially interfere in PD progression, depending on the duration and dosage of consumption.

Supplemental or dietary intake of omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of periodontitis: A meta‐analysis

“…During the 6‐month intervention period, both PPD and CAL results showed that PPD was significant in both the intervention groups, but only two studies were significant in CAL (El‐Sharkawy et al, 2010; Elgendy & Kazem, 2018). Thus, this heterogeneity cannot be used to conclude on omega‐3 supplementation in periodontal therapy but can be used to support the outcomes of periodontal therapy (Moss et al, 2005; Azzi et al, 2018).…”

“…Naqvi et al (2017) reported that omega‐3 fatty acid supplements had a significant effect on PPD but not on BOP or the number of microorganisms in the plaque. Moreover, a previous review, which evaluated the effects of omega‐3 fatty acid‐rich diets on periodontal diseases, found no positive effect on the factors modulating the clinical parameters; however, it was suggested that an increase in the levels of EPA and DHA in the plasma could limit the progression to periodontitis (Azzi et al, 2018). Nevertheless, omega‐3 fatty acid supplements have emerged as alternatives to systemic antibiotics as antibiotic resistance worsens, because omega‐3 fatty acids are generally accessible, inexpensive, and easy to use, and can facilitate improvements in short‐term and long‐term therapy outcomes.…”

Influence of Micronutrient Intake, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Factors on Periodontal Status of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Multivariate Analysis

“…A systematic review by our group investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and/or arachidonic acid (AA) and periodontal disease. Individuals with higher blood levels of omega-3 from a diet rich in these fatty acids had better periodontal status [59]. When the n3/n6 ratio is increased by the intake of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and/or EPA), an increase in the production of endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid mediators occurs, contributing to tissue repair.…”

Autophagy in periodontal disease: Evidence from a literature review

“…Wang et al also reported that in vitro cultured macrophages derived from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of patients with localized aggressive PD have a lower concentration MaR1 vs. controls (Wang et al, 2015). Coincidently a recent systematic review of human trials has verified the relationship between low Omega−3 fatty acids (n-3) (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], DHA, and aracdonic acid [AA]) plasma concentrations and PD progression (Azzi et al, 2018).…”