N-acetylcysteine attenuates cigaret smoke-induced pulmonary exacerbation in a mouse model of emphysema

Abstract

Exposure of mice with emphysema to CS exacerbated the pulmonary damage, and NAC reduced the CS-mediated pulmonary damage by preventing oxidative damage and reducing inflammatory responses.

The response of human bronchial epithelial cells to outdoor air pollution: Interventions to protect the diseased lung against diesel emission exposure

“…Nevertheless, the effect of NAC intervention did show a trend for attenuation of adverse cellular responses after diesel emissions exposure. These findings are in accordance with previous research [134,208] [163]. Kumar (2016) has shown that NAC treatment can effectively reduce oxidative stress-induced inflammation in vitro [163].…”

“…This suggests that NAC intervention may not be an effective intervention against the adverse effects of diesel emission exposure in the COPD lung. In contrast to this, Wang (2015) found that NAC intervention can reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and overall pulmonary damage after exposure to cigarette smoke exposure [134]. Additionally, Rogliani (2016)…”

“…Previous research has demonstrated that treatment with NAC can have a protective effect through the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways [70,71,134] NAC treatment, which can cause apoptosis in these cells. [133,136].…”

N-acetylcysteine Effects on Inflammatory Markers in Animal Models Exposed to Air Pollutants

“…In AP-induced lung inflammation, recent studies showed that NAC inhibits two critical mechanisms by which air pollutants induce an inflammatory response, the ROS-mediated activation of MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathways Ping et al, 2019). Regarding the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, most studies assessed the BAL fluid and lung tissue and found that NAC decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (Wang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Ping et al, 2019;Wang Review C. et al, 2020;Wang J. et al, 2020). NAC was also beneficial in downregulating ICAM-1 expression (Liu et al, 2018).…”

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries

“…Because of such promising results, NAC has been used as a positive antioxidant control in several experimental models to identify other antioxidant strategies to treat emphysema and other COPD complications. For example, in a hybrid murine model in which emphysema was induced by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and exacerbated by CS particulate matter, NAC treatment reduced CS-mediated pulmonary damage by preventing oxidative stress and reducing inflammatory responses [ 188 ]. In addition, Nrf2-GSH signaling was shown to be important for the protective effects of NAC against CS-induced injury in ATII cells.…”