N-acetylcysteine supplementation increases exercise performance and reduces oxidative stress only in individuals with low levels of glutathione

Paschalis, Vassilis; Theodorou, Anastasios A.; Margaritelis, Nikos V.; Kyparos, Antonios; Nikolaidis, Michalis G.

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.007

Cited by 98 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It is therefore possible that the AOX effects of MC concentrate were only significant when skeletal muscle contractions were most likely to be compromised by increased oxidative stress. 33 In agreement, an investigation by MacRae and Mefferd 34 reported that the addition of a flavonoid quercetin to a liquid AOX Lactate (mmol/L) 35 Given that MC concentrate has been shown to possess numerous AOX and polyphenolic compounds, 1,2 it seems reasonable that the improvement in exercise performance in the current study might be as a result of these AOX compounds. It is worth noting that MC supplementation could have prolonged the duration for which the participants were in the optimal cellular redox state for force production 36 such that when they were required to produce an all-out sprint, they produced a higher peak power and completed more work.…”

Section: Influence Of MC Supplementation On Performancesupporting

confidence: 78%

“…It is also possible that this increase in AOX defense from the MC concentrate relative to the PLA may have been amplified by the lowering of dietary sources high in AOX's, that is, dietary restrictions imposed on participants. Previous literature has reported that the baseline antioxidant profile of an individual is an important determinant of the ergogenic effectiveness of an antioxidant treatment …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance

Keane

Bailey

Vanhatalo

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice (MC) on nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers, vascular function, and exercise performance. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled, crossover study, 10 trained cyclists (mean ± SD; V˙O 59.0 ± 7.0 mL/kg/min) acutely ingested 30 mL of either MC or PLA following dietary restrictions of polyphenol-rich compounds and completed 6-minutes moderate- and severe-intensity cycling bouts 1.5 hour post-ingestion on 2 occasions for each experimental condition. The severe-intensity cycling test was continued to exhaustion on 1 occasion and immediately followed by a 60-seconds all-out sprint on the other occasion. Blood pressure, pulse wave measures, tissue oxygenation index, and plasma nitrite concentration were assessed pre- and 1.5 hour post-ingestion. Time to exhaustion was not different between conditions (P > .05), but peak power over the first 20 seconds (363 ± 42 vs 330 ± 26 W) and total work completed during the 60-seconds all-out sprint (21 ± 3 vs 19 ± 3 kJ) were 10% higher in the MC trial compared to the PLA trial (P < .05). Systolic blood pressure was 5 ± 2 mm Hg lower 1.5 hour post-MC supplementation compared to PLA supplementation (P < .05). There were no differences in pulse wave measures, plasma nitrite concentration, or tissue oxygenation between the MC and PLA trials (P > .05). These results suggest that acute supplementation with MC can lower blood pressure and improve some aspects of exercise performance, specifically end-sprint performance, in trained cyclists.

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Section: Influence Of MC Supplementation On Performancesupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance

Keane

Bailey

Vanhatalo

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Before training, intravenous infusion of the antioxidant NAC depressed net K + release during moderate-intensity exercise in the BFR-leg. A similar, but non-significant trend was observed in the control leg (large effect size: ~1), which possibly was related to a large inter-subject variation in the response to NAC (Paschalis et al, 2017). The observation that antioxidant infusion reduces thigh K + release during exercise extends previous findings of decreased systemic (arterialised-venous) K + concentrations during moderate-intensity cycling in response to NAC (Medved et al, 2004;McKenna et al, 2006).…”

Section: Role Of Ros In Regulating Muscle K + Handling In Humans and supporting

confidence: 75%

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K⁺ handling and blunts the effect of antioxidant infusion in humans

Christiansen

Bangsbo

2018

Preprint

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Key points Here, we provide evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in regulating K + homeostasis in the untrained musculature of humans, as indicated by attenuated thigh K + efflux during exercise with concomitant antioxidant infusion. We also demonstrate that interval training with blood flow restriction (BFR) augments improvements in performance and reduces K + release from contracting muscles during intense exercise  The effect of training with BFR on muscle K + handling appears to be partly mediated by increasing the protection against ROS, since the effect of antioxidant infusion was blunted after training with restricted blood flow. Further, training with BFR resulted in higher abundance of Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform α1 in type-II (51%), β1 in type-I (33%), and FXYD1 in type-I (108%) and type-II (60%) muscle fibres. This suggests fibre type-specific adaptations in Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform content are also important for improvements in muscle K + handling by training with BFR in humans. Abstract (max 250 words)We examined if blood flow restriction (BFR) would augment training-induced improvements in muscle K + handling and performance during intense exercise in men, and if these adaptations would be associated with an effect of muscle antioxidant function on thigh K + release and with fibre type-dependent modulation of Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform abundance and FXYD1 phosphorylation. Ten recreationally-active men (25 ± 4 y, 49.7 ± 5.3 mL•kg -1 •min -1 ) performed 6 weeks of interval cycling, where one leg trained without (control; CON-leg) and the other leg with BFR (BFR-leg, pressure: 178 mmHg). Before and after training, catheters were inserted into the femoral artery and vein, and blood flow was assessed during single-leg kneeextensions at 25% (Ex1) and 90% of leg peak aerobic power (Ex2) with intravenous infusion of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or saline (placebo), and a resting muscle biopsy was collected.After training, performance during exhaustive exercise increased to a greater extent in BFRleg (23%) than in CON-leg (12%, p<0.05), whereas thigh K + release during Ex2 was attenuated in BFR-leg only (p<0.05). Before training, NAC depressed K + release during Ex1 (p<0.05), but not during Ex2 (p>0.05). After training, this effect was blunted in BFR-leg (p<0.05), whilst the abundance of Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform α1 in type-II (51%), β1 in type-I (33%), and FXYD1 in type-I (108%) and type-II (60%) fibres was higher in BFR-leg (p<0.05; vs. CON-leg). Thus, interval training with BFR elicits greater improvements in performance and reduces muscle net K + release during intense exercise, which may be caused by elevated ROS scavenging and fibre type-dependent increases in Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform abundance.

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“…), for which NAC is a precursor, and thus for the effect of NAC on muscle anti‐oxidant capacity (Paschalis et al . ). The results of the present study should therefore be regarded with caution and are subject to replication in subsequent, larger‐cohort studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K⁺ regulation and alters the effect of anti‐oxidant infusion in humans

Christiansen

Eibye

Rasmussen

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

102

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Key pointsr Training with blood flow restriction (BFR) is a well-recognized strategy for promoting muscle hypertrophy and strength. However, its potential to enhance muscle function during sustained, intense exercise remains largely unexplored.r In the present study, we report that interval training with BFR augments improvements in performance and reduces net K + release from contracting muscles during high-intensity exercise in active men.r A better K + regulation after BFR-training is associated with an elevated blood flow to exercising muscles and altered muscle anti-oxidant function, as indicated by a higher reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio, compared to control, as well as an increased thigh net K + release during intense exercise with concomitant anti-oxidant infusion.r Training with BFR also invoked fibre type-specific adaptations in the abundance of Na + ,K + -ATPase isoforms (α 1 , β 1 , phospholemman/FXYD1).r Thus, BFR-training enhances performance and K + regulation during intense exercise, which may be a result of adaptations in anti-oxidant function, blood flow and Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform abundance at the fibre-type level.Abstract We examined whether blood flow restriction (BFR) augments training-induced improvements in K + regulation and performance during intense exercise in men, and also whether these adaptations are associated with an altered muscle anti-oxidant function, blood flow and/or with fibre type-dependent changes in Na + ,K + -ATPase-isoform abundance. Ten recreationally-active men (25 ± 4 years, 49.7 ± 5.3 mL kg −1 min −1 ) performed 6 weeks of Danny Christiansen is a researcher based in the Section of Integrative Physiology at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports in Copenhagen. His research focuses on optimizing strategies that aim to enhance human physical performance and health by understanding the molecular factors that drive skeletal muscle adaptation. His work has involved the use of cold-water immersion, simulated altitude, anti-oxidant infusion and blood flow restriction in combination with exercise to study the regulation of muscle ion transport, blood flow, oxygenation and glucose metabolism in man.This article was first published as a preprint. Christiansen D, Eibye KH, Rasmussen V, Voldbye HM, Thomassen M, Nyberg M, Gunnarsson TGP, Skovgaard C, Lindskrog MS, Bishop DJ, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. 2018. Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K + regulation and blunts the effect of antioxidant infusion in humans. bioRxiv. https://doi. J Physiol 597.9 interval cycling, where one leg trained without BFR (control; CON-leg) and the other trained with BFR (BFR-leg, pressure: ß180 mmHg). Before and after training, femoral arterial and venous K + concentrations and artery blood flow were measured during single-leg knee-extensor exercise at 25% (Ex1) and 90% of thigh incremental peak power (Ex2) with I.V. infusion of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo (saline) and a resting muscle biopsy was collected. After training, performance...

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N-acetylcysteine supplementation increases exercise performance and reduces oxidative stress only in individuals with low levels of glutathione

Cited by 98 publications

References 72 publications

Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance

Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K⁺ handling and blunts the effect of antioxidant infusion in humans

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K⁺ regulation and alters the effect of anti‐oxidant infusion in humans

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N-acetylcysteine supplementation increases exercise performance and reduces oxidative stress only in individuals with low levels of glutathione

Cited by 98 publications

References 72 publications

Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance

Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K+ handling and blunts the effect of antioxidant infusion in humans

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K+ regulation and alters the effect of anti‐oxidant infusion in humans

Contact Info

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Resources

About

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K⁺ handling and blunts the effect of antioxidant infusion in humans

Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K⁺ regulation and alters the effect of anti‐oxidant infusion in humans