N-Body Simulations and Galactic Habitability

Vukotić, Branislav

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811940-2.00008-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Since our astrophysical understanding of the structure, origin and evolution of galaxies has made dramatic strides in recent decades, especially with the advent of large-scale cosmological numerical simulations, it has been quite natural to apply those insights to the question of habitability. First applications of cosmological simulations in astrobiology have been the studies of Vukotić et al (2016) and Forgan et al (2017); for a review see also Vukotić (2017). These works showed how the Galactic Habitable Zone emerges as a consequence of large-scale trends of galactic evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactic habitability re-examined: indications of bimodality

Stojkovic

Vukotić

Martinović

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The problem of the extent of habitable zones in different kinds of galaxies is one of the outstanding challenges for contemporary astrobiology. In the present study, we investigate habitability in a large sample of simulated galaxies from the Illustris Project in order to at least roughly quantify the hospitality to life of different galactic types. The pioneering study of Dayal et al. (2015) is critically examined and some of its results are amended. In particular, we find a tentative evidence for a second mode of galactic habitability comprising metal-rich dwarfs similar to IC 225, LMC or M32. The role of the galactic environment and the observation selection effects is briefly discussed and prospects for further research on the topic outlined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactic habitability re-examined: indications of bimodality

Stojkovic

Vukotić

Martinović

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…In this case, the estate belongs to all the first-order heirs in undivided joint ownership. 89 Before the estate's division, the heirs manage and dispose of it unanimously. 90 Thus, the fate of the enterprise depends on the heirs' decisions.…”

Section: Inheritance Of An Individual Entrepreneur's Assets and Debtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Transfer of Family-run Enterprises by Means of Civil Law in Serbia

Marjanski

Dudás

2021

CEJoCL

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Family-run enterprises are business organisations in which the reins of control are concentrated in the hands of a single family or an individual who for the enterprise aims to continue operation through successive generations of the family. In Serbia, family-run companies usually begin as an individual entrepreneurship, a form of closed company (general and limited partnership) or relatively closed company (limited liability company). The legal difficulties that arise following the death of an individual entrepreneur (natural person) differ from those following the death of a member in a company (legal entity). Companies are imbued with rights and responsibilities separate from the personal rights and responsibilities of their members. Members of a company, including the head, are not considered owners of the company’s property in legal terms. Instead, they have shares in the company, and those shares entitle them to membership (management and proprietary) rights. Thus, when a member dies, the company’s property, in whole or in part, is not subject to inheritance (although that deceased member’s share is). This differs from the situation following an individual entrepreneur’s death. The law does not recognise a natural person conducting business as an individual entrepreneur as having two legal personalities (personal and business); everything is treated as personal. Therefore, all the assets and debts of a deceased individual entrepreneur are subject to inheritance, regardless of whether or not they were accrued in the course of business. The succession of a share following a member’s death is regulated separately for each company form, and all issues not governed by the Companies Act or a company’s incorporation document are subject to the rules of Serbia’s Law of Inheritance. Inheritance rules differ greatly for a share in a personal company (general or limited partnership) and a share in a capital company (limited liability or joint-stock company). In principle, whether or not a deceased member’s rights and responsibilities can be passed through inheritance depends on the company’s form, its incorporation document, and the relevance of the heirs’ connection to the deceased and the company. The less complicated these are, the fewer the legal obstacles to inheritance.

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“…While we still lack sufficient computing power to resolve mass at the level of individual stars, numerical simulations can still prove useful for studying continuous habitability conditions in galaxies. They already made their way into the galactic habitability studies (Vukotić et al, 2016;Forgan et al, 2017;Vukotić, 2018;Stanway et al, 2018;Stojković et al, 2019b;Stojković, Vukotić, & Ćirković, 2019a). It became evident that galactic habitability is far more subtle to understand than under the pioneering annular zone concept, which is still extensively used in circumstellar habitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical aspects of Galactic habitability in N-body simulations

Mitrašinović,

Vukotić,

Micic

et al. 2023

Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust.

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Recent studies of Galactic evolution revealed that the dynamics of the stellar component might be one of the key factors when considering galactic habitability. We run an N-body simulation model of the Milky Way, which we evolve for 10 Gyr, to study the secular evolution of stellar orbits and the resulting galactic habitability related properties, i.e., the density of the stellar component and close stellar encounters. The results indicate that radial migrations are not negligible, even in a simple axisymmetric model with mild levels of dynamical heating, and that the net outward diffusion of the stellar component can populate galactic outskirts with habitable systems. Habitable environment is also likely even at sub-Solar galactocentric radii, because the rate of close encounters should not significantly degrade habitability. Stars that evolve from non-circular to stable nearly circular orbits typically migrate outwards, settling down in a broad Solar neighbourhood. The region between $R \approx 3$ kpc and $R \approx 12$ kpc represents the zone of radial mixing, which can blur the boundaries of the Galactic Habitable Zone (GHZ), as it has been conventionally understood. The present-day stable population of the stars in the Solar neighbourhood originates from this radial mixing zone, with most of the stars coming from the inner regions. The Solar system can be considered as a typical Milky Way habitable system because it migrated outwards from the metal-rich inner regions of the Disk and has a circular orbit in the present epoch. We conclude that the boundaries of the GHZ cannot be sharply confined for a given epoch because of the mixing caused by the stellar migrations and secular evolution of stellar orbits.

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N-Body Simulations and Galactic Habitability

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Galactic habitability re-examined: indications of bimodality

Galactic habitability re-examined: indications of bimodality

Intergenerational Transfer of Family-run Enterprises by Means of Civil Law in Serbia

Dynamical aspects of Galactic habitability in N-body simulations

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