N-Doped carbon nanorods as ultrasensitive electrochemical sensors for the determination of dopamine

Abstract

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods (N-CNRs) are prepared by a direct carbonization method using polyaniline nanorods as the carbon precursor. The electrochemical behavior of the N-CNRs-Nafion modified electrode is evaluated in connection with dopamine and ascorbic acid by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Experimental results indicate that the N-CNRs modified electrode has improved current response and fast electron transfer kinetics. The linear response for the selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid is obtained in the range of 0.008 mM to 15.0 mM with a detection limit of 8.9 6 10 29 M (S/N = 3) by differential pulse voltammetry under optimum conditions. The N-CNRs-Nafion modified electrode exhibits a wide linear range, very low detection limit and anti-interference ability. Meanwhile, a kinetic reaction process and a reaction mechanism for the N-CNRs are also proposed.

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

“…dopamine NCNTs/PANI composite aniline polymerization over NCNTs two wide linear ranges: 1 -80 μM and 1.5 -3.5 mM LOD = 0.01 μM low interference with ascorbic acid [707] dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid NCNRs direct carbonization method using PANI-NR as the carbon precursor Linear range 0.008 -15.0 μM, LOD = 8.9 × 10 −9 M (S/N = 3) [708] paracetamol MWNCNTs CVD with decomposition of acetonitrile onto oxidized silicon wafer using ferrocene as catalyst LOD = 0.485 μM; sensitivity = 0.8406 A M -1 cm -2 [99] [505] cytosensor for evaluation of cell surface carbohydrate and glycoprotein advanced structure suing NCNTs as support 3-D architecture was initially fabricated by combining nitrogendoped carbon nanotubes, thionine, and gold NPs via a simple layerby-layer method HeLa cells concentration ranging from 8.0 × 10 2 to 2.0 × 10 7 cells mL -1 LOD = 500 cells mL -1. NCNTs decomposition of CH 4 in N 2 /NH 3 atmosphere using hot filament CVD fiel emission onset 4 V/μm, current density of 10 mA/cm 2 at 7.2 V/μm (for NCTs thin than 50 nm) [231] aligned carbon nitride nanotube films MPCVD on iron-catalystembedded mesoporous silica turn-on field down to 0.8 V/μm.…”

“…In contrast to ORR, it appears that a consensus exists in this case, identifying pyridinic N surface functionalities as responsible for the high rate of this electrocatalytic reaction. Besides aforementioned glucose, sensing of large number of small organic molecules using 1-D NCNSs was reported in the literature: catecholamines and catechols (NCNT electrodes) [703], dihydroxybenzene isomers (simultaneous detection using NCNTs) [135], l-lactate (biosensor based on lactate oxidase immobilized on NCNTs) [518], dopamine (NCNTs/PANI composites [707]; NCNR [708]; detection in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid using NDNW film electrodes [543]) and paracetamol [99]. Complete overview of electroanalytical applications of metal-free NCNSs is provided in Table 12.…”

Electrochemically Exfoliated Carbon Quantum Dots Modified Electrodes for Detection of Dopamine Neurotransmitter

“…reaction to yield leucodopamino chrome (LDC) by intramolecular 1,4-Michael addition arrangement. LDC was more reactive than the parent DA which oxidizes easily to dopamine chrome (DC) 47 (Scheme 1). The enhanced electro-catalytic activity of the CQD might come from its negatively charged functional groups such as OH-, COO-, etc.…”

“…The pKa of DA is 8.9, so it was positively charged in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.4) which might attracted to the negatively charged CQD film modified electrode. 47,48 Interference studies, reproducibility and real sample analysis.-We recorded CVs for 10 μM DA in the absence and presence of 1 mM AA as shown in Fig. 6.…”

Synthesis and electrochemical applications of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials

“…The ORR catalysis occurs over these nanostructured electrodes by the two-electron pathway [124]. These nanofibers are also used as the anode in the lithium ion batteries due to the enhanced reactivity and electric conductivity at the nitrogen-rich surfaces [186] and the binder-free cathode in the microbial fuel cells [187].…”