“…[4][5][6] Therefore, substantial efforts have been made to reduce the usage of Pt in PEM fuel cells. 8,10 In this context, nanostructured catalysts such as nanocubes, nanosheets, nanowires, nanoneedles, and nanoflowers have been reported. 7,8 In particular, three-dimensional (3D) structured composites, nanoparticles, and alloys of various non-Pt catalysts, including Mo S 2 , Co Se 2 , W 2 C, Ni Co, Fe P, Ni Mo, Ni Sn, Ni Cu, Ni Al 2 O 3 , and Ni CeO 2 , have shown good activity in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at relatively low temperatures.…”