“…More recently, graphene-based materials functionalized with different compounds have been successfully applied to phosphate adsorption from water. Highlighting studies carried out with composite materials, reduced graphene oxide doped with N and decorated with Fe 3 O 4 , zirconium-loaded reduced graphene oxide, triazine functionalized graphene oxide anchored alginate bead, cellulose acetate nanofiber membrane modified with graphene oxide/sodium dodecyl sulfate, alumina decorated graphene oxide, lanthanum-doped aminated graphene oxide@aminated chitosan microspheres, among others, showing excellent performance for all tested materials. − However, despite the excellent performance obtained by two-dimensional (2D) graphene materials and their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio, two main problems hinder their application: (i) van der Waals interactions between graphene sheets cause their aggregation, which reduces the superficial area and (ii) for applications in aqueous systems, graphene sheets can be carried away, leading to material loss and possible ecotoxicological damage. One alternative is using three-dimensional (3D) materials based on graphene.…”