N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of <i>Sepia</i> and <i>Octopus</i>

Cosmo, Anna Di; Paolucci, Marina; Cristo, Carlo Di

doi:10.1002/cne.20242

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The reproductive behaviour of Octopus vulgaris is under the control of a complex set of internal and external molecules. Internal signal molecules such as sex steroids (Di Cosmo et al, 2001;De Lisa et al, 2012), neuropeptides (Di Cosmo and Di Cristo, 1998;Di Cristo et al, 2002a,b, 2005, 2009a and neurotransmitters (Di Cosmo et al, 2004, 2006) guide the behaviour from the level of individuals in evaluating mates, to stimulating or deterring copulation, to sperm-egg chemical signalling that promotes fertilization (De Lisa et al, 2013). External chemical stimuli are, instead, detected by the olfactory organs and integrated in the olfactory lobes in the central nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

Polese

Bertapelle

Cosmo

2015

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

Polese

Bertapelle

Cosmo

2015

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…In summary we can note that positive immunoreactivity specific for NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B was found in the cell bodies and the neuropil of many (but not all) of the lobes that Boycott [8] defined as Lower and Intermediate Motor Centres: for example the pedal, magnocellular, palliovisceral and (in Sepia) the fin lobes. Similarly widespread specific staining was observed in the Higher Motor Centres, such as the anterior, lateral and median basal lobes and in the "silent areas" -those lobes that give no response to electrical stimulation but which are important in the setting up of memories, visual or tactile: the vertical, subvertical, superior frontal and (in Octopus) the subfrontal lobes [22]. Finally it is interesting to note that immunopositive cells and fibres are also found in several brain areas that influence the reproductive system via the optic gland, a gonadotropic endocrine gland.…”

Section: The Brainmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…After rinsing, the test fPSP was highly potentiated with respect to control, and additional HF [inset (2)] led only to small additional potentiation. Modified from [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar immunoreactive band was detectable in extracts from optic lobes. An exceedingly weak response seems to rule out the presence of the R1 subunit in the cephalopod brain [22].…”

Section: The Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This powerful technique for localising putative transmitter distribution has, however, been more successful with antibodies to glutamate receptors and Di Cosmo et al [22] have excellent evidence that certain NMDA-like receptors are widely distributed in the brains of Octopus and Sepia. In summary we can note that positive immunoreactivity specific for NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B was found in the cell bodies and the neuropil of many (but not all) of the lobes that Boycott [8] defined as Lower and Intermediate Motor Centres: for example the pedal, magnocellular, palliovisceral and (in Sepia) the fin lobes.…”

Section: The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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L-Glutamate and its Ionotropic Receptors in the Nervous System of Cephalopods

Cosmo

Cristo²,

Messenger³

2006

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Abstract:In several species of cephalopod molluscs there is good evidence for the presence of L-glutamate in the central and peripheral nervous system and evidence for both classes of ionotropic receptor, AMPA/kainate and NMDA.The best evidence for glutamate being a transmitter in cephalopods comes from pharmacological, immunohistochemical and molecular investigations on the giant fibre system in the squid stellate ganglion. These studies confirm there are AMPA/kainate-like receptors on the third-order giant axon. In the (glial) Schwann cells associated with the giant axons both classes of glutamate receptor occur.Glutamate is an excitatory transmitter in the chromatophores and in certain somatic muscles and its action is mediated primarily via AMPA/kainate-like receptors, but at some chromatophores there are NMDA-like receptors.In the statocysts the afferent crista fibres are also glutamatergic, acting at non-NMDA receptors.In the brain (of Sepia) a neuronal NOS is activated by glutamate with subsequent production of nitric oxide and elevation of cGMP levels. This signal transduction pathway is blocked by D-AP-5, a specific antagonist of the NMDA receptor.Recently immunohistochemical analysis has demonstrated (in Sepia and Octopus) the presence of NMDAR2A /B -like receptors in motor centres, in the visual and olfactory systems and in the learning system. Physiological experiments have shown that glutamatergic transmission is involved in long term potentation (LTP) in the vertical lobe of Octopus, a brain area involved in learning. This effect seems to be mediated by non-NMDA receptors. Finally in the CNS of Sepia NMDA-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues of cytoskeletal protein such as -tubulin, has been demonstrated.

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Neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems in the learning and memory network of Octopus vulgaris

Stern-Mentch

Winters-Bostwick

Belenky

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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The vertical lobe (VL) in the octopus brain plays an essential role in its sophisticated learning and memory. Early anatomical studies suggested that the VL is organized in a “fan‐out fan‐in” connectivity matrix comprising only three morphologically identified neuron types; input axons from the median superior frontal lobe (MSFL) innervating en passant millions of small amacrine interneurons (AMs), which converge sharply onto large VL output neurons (LNs). Recent physiological studies confirmed the feedforward excitatory connectivity; a glutamatergic synapse at the first MSFL‐to‐AM synaptic layer and a cholinergic AM‐to‐LNs synapse. MSFL‐to‐AMs synapses show a robust hippocampal‐like activity‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) of transmitter release. 5‐HT, octopamine, dopamine and nitric oxide modulate short‐ and long‐term VL synaptic plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive histolabeling study to better characterize the neural elements in the VL. We generally confirmed glutamatergic MSFLs and cholinergic AMs. Intense labeling for NOS activity in the AMs neurites were in‐line with the NO‐dependent presynaptic LTP mechanism at the MSFL‐to‐AM synapse. New discoveries here reveal more heterogeneity of the VL neurons than previously thought. GABAergic AMs suggest a subpopulation of inhibitory interneurons in the first input layer. Clear γ‐amino butyric acid labeling in the cell bodies of LNs supported an inhibitory VL output, yet the LNs co‐expressed FMRFamide‐like neuropeptides, suggesting an additional neuromodulatory role of the VL output. Furthermore, a group of LNs was glutamatergic. A new cluster of cells organized as a “deep nucleus” showed rich catecholaminergic labeling and may play a role in intrinsic neuromodulation. In‐situ hybridization and immunolabeling allowed characterization and localization of a rich array of neuropeptides and neuromodulators, likely involved in reward/punishment signals. This analysis of the fast transmission system, together with the newly found cellular elements, help integrate behavioral, physiological, pharmacological and connectome findings into a more comprehensive understanding of an efficient learning and memory network.

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N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of Sepia and Octopus

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction

L-Glutamate and its Ionotropic Receptors in the Nervous System of Cephalopods

Neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems in the learning and memory network of Octopus vulgaris

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