Even though III-Nitrides have demonstrated their ample application in solid-state light, display, laser, detector and high-power RF/switching device, many other new breakthroughs on fundamental physics and fabrication techniques are still highly desired to lead to their next expansion of the research and application field in the near future. In this chapter, the general properties of III-nitrides as well as their ternary and quaternary were briefly reviewed. Specifically, we mainly focused on the underlying physics of p doping challenge, nitrides nano-structures and their application on LEDs. We presented an overview of some main results and progress in highly effective p doping for nitrides. Some promising strategies to address the issue of p doping challenge were also introduced. Furthermore, we describe the prevailing GaN nanowire fabrication methods including wet etching and selective area growth and their application in novel LED structures.