N2O Emissions and Water Management in California Perennial Crops

Alsina, María Mar; Michael, Cassia; Wolff, W.J.; Matiasek, G.; Schellenberg, Daniel L.; Edstrom, John; Brown, Patrick H.; Scow, Kate M.

doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1072.ch013

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The maximum rates were more pronounced for drip irrigation as compared with microsprinkler ( Figs. 2 and 5; Smart et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were successful in developing spatial models to accurately interpolate and quantify emissions in the wet-up area ( Fig. 3; Smart et al 2011). Although we were unable to compare our emissions observations with other fertilizer application methods, we note the percentage of fertilizer N emitted as N 2 O-N was less than the average of 0.9% reported in a recent review (Bouwman et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Alsina

Fanton-Borges

2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil is the primary source of the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The assessment of N 2 O emissions, or net fluxes of the GHG methane (CH 4 ), are lacking for upland, arid agricultural ecosystems worldwide. In California, where rates of application for nitrogen (N) can exceed 300 kg per hectare for N-intensive fruit and nut crops (.2 million acres), liquid N fertilizers applied through microirrigation systems (fertigation) represent the predominant method of N fertilization. Little information is available for how these concentrated and spatially discrete N solution applications influence N 2 O emissions and net CH 4 fluxes (the sum of methanogenic and methanotrophic activity). In this study we examined soil N 2 O-N emissions and net CH 4 fluxes for drip and stationary microsprinklers, two of the most widely used fertigation emitters, in an almond orchard where 235.5 kg N/ha were applied during the season of measurement (2009)(2010). We accomplished this by modeling the spatial patterns of N 2 O and CH 4 at the scale of meters and centimeters using simple mathematical approaches. For two applications of 33.6 kg/ha and three applications of 56.1 kg/ha targeted to the phenologic stages with highest tree N demand, the spatial patterns of N 2 O fluxes were similar to the emitter water distribution pattern and independent of temperature and fertilizer N form applied. Net CH 4 fluxes were extremely low and there was no discernible spatial pattern, but areas kept dry (driveways between tree rows) generally consumed CH 4 while it was produced in the microirrigation wet-up area. The N 2 O-N emissions for fertigation events at the scale of days, and over a season, were significantly higher from the drip irrigated orchard (1.6 6 0.7 kg N 2 O-N ha À1 yr À1) than a microsprinkler irrigated orchard (0.6 6 0.3 kg N 2 O-N ha À1 yr À1 ). N 2 O emissions and net CH 4 fluxes were only significantly correlated with soil water filled pore space and not with mineral-N. The correlation was much better for N 2 O emissions. Our results greatly improve our ability to scale N 2 O production to the orchard level, and provide growers with a tool for lowering almond orchard carbon and nitrogen footprints.

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“…The maximum rates were more pronounced for drip irrigation as compared with microsprinkler ( Figs. 2 and 5; Smart et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Alsina

Fanton-Borges

2013

Ecosphere

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“…DNDC simulations of N 2 O emissions from California croplands have been tested against field measurements of N 2 O emissions from typical cropping systems in California (Deng et al, 2018;Deng & Salas, 2017;Li et al, 2014). The field data were collected at 14 sites located in 7 counties (Burger & Horwath, 2012;Burger & Waterhouse, 2016;Garland et al, 2011Garland et al, , 2014Kallenbach et al, 2010;Kennedy et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2009;Mahal, 2014;Smart et al, 2011;Steenwerth et al, 2010) and represented a wide range of environmental conditions and FMPs in California agriculture. DNDC reliably predicted the seasonal or annual total N 2 O emissions for the tested cropping systems.…”

Section: The Dndc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Irrigation Practices Likely Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions From California Cropland

Deng

Guo

Salas

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Crop production with intensive nitrogen (N) application is an important source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). However, there remains large uncertainty in quantifying cropland N2O emissions and their mitigation potential, especially in regions where cropping systems and farming management practices are highly diverse. Because N2O production in soils is tightly linked to N application rate and type, soil moisture, and oxygen status, improving irrigation is a potential strategy for N2O mitigation. We applied a process‐based biogeochemical model, DeNitrification‐DeComposition, to evaluate the influence of irrigation management on N2O emissions from California cropland, where cropping systems are extremely diverse and irrigation management has changed rapidly. We constructed a database containing data on weather, crop types and areas, soil properties, and farming management practices and predicted N2O emissions from California cropland under four typical irrigation methods (surface gravity, sprinkler, drip, and subsurface drip). We also assessed impact on N2O emissions of large‐scale changes in irrigation management experienced in California from 2001 to 2010 that was driven by the demand of reducing water use in agriculture. Simulations under different irrigation methods indicated that drip and subsurface drip irrigation reduced N2O emissions by 55% and 67%, respectively, compared to surface gravity irrigation. We estimated baseline N2O emissions from California cropland as 7.94 × 103 metric ton (MT) N/year under actual irrigation management in 2002. The large‐scale changes in irrigation management likely reduced N2O emissions by 7.3% from 2001 to 2010. This study showed the potential for reducing N2O emissions by using low‐volume irrigation.

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“…Analysis was completed within 96 h of collection for CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations using gas chromatography (Model GC-2014, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, MD) equipped with a 63 Ni electron capture detector. Instantaneous rates of soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes were calculated based on the rate of change in CO 2 and CH 4 concentration within the chamber; this was estimated as the slope of linear regression between concentration and time [25]. During each sampling, soil temperature was taken in-situ in each plot at 10 cm below the soil surface with a digital thermometer probe (Taylor Thermometers USA, model number Taylor 9842).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Field Management Practices for Mitigating Soil CO2 and CH4 Fluxes under Corn (Zea mays) Production System in Middle Tennessee

Dennis¹,

Deng²,

Hui³

et al. 2015

AJCC

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The United States continues to be the largest corn producer in the world. How to maximize corn yield and at the same time reduce greenhouse gas emissions, is becoming a challenging effort for growers and researchers. As a result, our understanding of the responses of soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes to agricultural practices in cornfields is still limited. We conducted a 3-yr cornfield experiment to study the responses of soil CO 2 S. Dennis et al. 368tivity. Our results indicated that agricultural practices enhancing corn yield may also result in a net increase in carbon emissions from soil, hence reducing the potential of carbon sequestration in croplands.

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N₂O Emissions and Water Management in California Perennial Crops

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Changes in Irrigation Practices Likely Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions From California Cropland

In-Field Management Practices for Mitigating Soil CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Fluxes under Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) Production System in Middle Tennessee

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N2O Emissions and Water Management in California Perennial Crops

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N2O and CH4 emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N2O and CH4 emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Changes in Irrigation Practices Likely Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions From California Cropland

In-Field Management Practices for Mitigating Soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Fluxes under Corn (&lt;i&gt;Zea mays&lt;/i&gt;) Production System in Middle Tennessee

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N₂O Emissions and Water Management in California Perennial Crops

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

In-Field Management Practices for Mitigating Soil CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Fluxes under Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) Production System in Middle Tennessee