Nacre, a Natural Biomaterial

Rousseau, Marthe

doi:10.5772/22978

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Scanning electron micrography of a cross section of the incubated beads at 60 days revealed a pattern of arrangement of aragonite tablets similar to that seen in cross sections of the nacre layer of shell of molluscs (Rousseau, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Cell Culture and Gene Expression Studies in Relation to Biomineralization in the Black-lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera

Raghavan

Jayasankar

Suja

et al. 2019

Journal of Coastal Research

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Srinivasa Raghavan, V.; Jayasankar, V.; Suja, C.P., and Laxmilatha, P., 2019. Cell culture and gene expression studies in relation to biomineralization in the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. In: Jithendran, K.P.; Saraswathy, R.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Kumaraguru Vasagam, K.P.; Jayasankar, V.; Raghavan, R.; Alavandi, S.Nacre is composed of aragonite platelets and organic material formed by molluscs as inner shell layer through biomineralization process, and mantle epithelial cells control nacre formation. A primary culture of granulated epithelial cells was established from mantle tissue of Pinctada margaritifera, through a process of continuous subculturing at 28°C in yeast supplemented sea water culture medium. Nuclear beads were placed in culture wells containing semi-solid agar medium and incubated in vitro with cultured granulated epithelial cells in order to evaluate the nacre secretion. On visual observation, a brown coloration was observed on the surface of the bead after 7-10 days. Evaluation of the surface of the nuclear beads by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 60 days of incubation revealed a good brick and mortar pattern, characteristic of nacreous layer formation. A lustrous hue was also seen to develop on bead surfaces after this stage. SEM images of a cross section of the nacre-coated bead showed a pattern of arrangement of aragonite tablets similar to that seen in cross sections of the nacre layer of shell of molluscs. The functional ability of cultured granulated epithelial cells was further confirmed by detecting gene expression of two matrix proteins, nacrein and amorphous calcium carbonate binding proteins (ACCBP), which play an important role in formation of the nacreous layer, in both cultured cells and in native mantle tissue. Amplification products for nacrein (480 bp) and ACCBP (500 bp) genes were obtained in both native mantle tissue and in vitro cultured mantle epithelial cells. There was good correlation between the expression patterns of the two genes in in vitro cultured cells and in native mantle tissue, signifying that cultured mantle epithelial cells retain their functional characteristics of biomineralization. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: ACCBP, biomineralization, mantle, nacre, nacrein, pearl oyster. LITERATURE CITED Auzoux-Bordenave, S.; Fouchereau-Peron, M.; Helleouet, M.N., and Doumenc, D., 2007. CGRP regulates the activity of mantle cells and hemocytes in abalone primary cell cultures. Journal of Shellfish Research, 26, 887-894. Awaji, M. and Machii, A., 2011. Fundamental studies on in vivo and in vitro pearl formation: contribution of outer epithelial cells of pearl oyster mantle and pearl sacs. Aqua-BioScience Monographs, 4, 1-39. Awaji, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Kakinuma, M.; Nagai, K., and Watabe, S., 2014. Pearl formation by transplantation of outer epithelial cells isolated from the mantle of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 80, 578-588 (Japanese). Bellaaj-Zouari, A.; Dkhili, S.; Gharsalli, R.; Derbali, A., and Aloui-Bejaoui, N., 2011. ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Cell Culture and Gene Expression Studies in Relation to Biomineralization in the Black-lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera

Raghavan

Jayasankar

Suja

et al. 2019

Journal of Coastal Research

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“…In an even more complex variation, often found in biomineralization, building blocks of inorganic material can assemble with organic or inorganic polymers in oriented ways to form mesocrystals, which diffract like single crystals but have complex domains (Cölfen and Mann 2003;Cölfen and Antonietti 2005). Nacre, a calcium carbonate mesocrystal structure produced by bivalves, has been shown by DF imaging to be composed of nano-domains of aragonite that are oriented in the same direction, despite being surrounded by a contiguous organic matrix (Rousseau 2011). Even though oriented aggregation is a possible formation mechanism for the green rusts in this study, particle formation here may be more likely a combination of oriented aggregation and atom-by-atom coarsening (Xue et al 2014).…”

Section: Comparison To Other Synthetic Green Rustsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polycrystallinity of green rust minerals and their synthetic analogs: Implications for particle formation and reactivity in complex systems

Johnson

Murayama

Küsel

et al. 2015

American Mineralogist

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We demonstrate in this study that natural green rust nanoparticles and their synthetic analogs can be complex polycrystalline phases composed of crystallites only a few nanometers in size, and they often include nanometer-sized regions of amorphous material. The natural green rusts are Zn-bearing pseudo-hexagonal platelets previously identified by us in the contaminated mine drainage of the former Ronneburg uranium mine in Germany (Johnson et al. 2014). We also identified Ni-and Cubearing green rust platelets in the sediment underlying the drainage outflow 20 m downstream, and, using dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM), found that these natural green rusts are not usually structurally coherent single crystals. Synthetic sulfate green rusts are also polycrystalline and composed of crystallites of only a few nanometers in size, though different synthesis conditions produced different patterns of polycrystallinity. While pseudo-hexagonal platelets are the typical morphology of green rust, we also synthesized green rust nanorods, which have not previously been reported. In addition to the known characteristics of green rusts (including a very large aspect ratio and surface area to volume ratio, and the redox properties allowed by the structural mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ), these polycrystalline platelets exhibit a high abundance of defect sites and likely a rough surface topography. The combination of these characteristics has important implications for the reactivity of green rust with biogeochemical interfaces in natural and anthropogenic systems.

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“…Novel biomaterials extracted from organic sources (herein designated as organo-biomaterials) have been considered as a cost-effective and promising [19] source of implantable graft materials with major industrial and scientific applications. Organo-biomaterials include demineralized bone matrix (DBM) [ 20 , 21 ], bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) [ 22 , 23 ] and aragonite crystal tablets extracted from the nacre lining of pearl oysters ( Pincata maxima ) [24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo regeneration functionalities of experimental organo-biomaterials containing water-soluble nacre extract

Zielak

Neto

Zielak

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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BackgroundNovel multifunctional biomaterials were recently designed to allow for an optimized tissue regeneration process.PurposeTo comprehensively assess (photographic, radiographic and histological) the in vivo functionality of demineralized bovine bone matrix (DBM) associated with an experimental marine organic extract (MOE) from nacre in a sheep ectopic grafting model.Materials and methodsSynthesis of MOE was based on mixing powdered nacre (0.05 g, particles average size <0.1 mm) with acetic acid (5 mL, pH 7) under constant stirring for 72 hours (25 °C). Polyethylene tubes (3/animal, n = 4, diameter: 5.0 mm × length: 10.0 mm) from the control (empty) or experimental groups (DBM or DBM + MOE) were then intramuscularly implanted into the lumbar regions of sheep (n = 8, 2-years old, ≈45 kg). Animals were euthanized at 3 and 6 months to allow for the collection of tissue samples. Tissue samples were fixed in formalin 10% (buffered, 7 days) in preparation for photographic, radiographic and histological assessments. Acquired images were then analyzed using digital image analysis software to quantify the amount of neoformed tissues, whereas radiographic and histological analyses were performed to determine radiopacity and classification of tissues deposited inside of the tubes.ResultsPhotographic and radiographic analyses have shown that both pure (unaltered) and MOE-modified DBM were capable of depositing neoformed tissues (at 3 and 6 months), where higher levels of deposition and radiopacity were observed on groups treated with experimental materials. Histological results, however, demonstrated that tissues formed from both unaltered and MOE-modified DBM were only fibrous connective in origin.ConclusionsAs an ectopic grafting in sheep, the experimental organo-biomaterial association applied did not reveal any osteoinductive property but led to a fibrous tissue repair only.

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Nacre, a Natural Biomaterial

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Cell Culture and Gene Expression Studies in Relation to Biomineralization in the Black-lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera

Cell Culture and Gene Expression Studies in Relation to Biomineralization in the Black-lip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera

Polycrystallinity of green rust minerals and their synthetic analogs: Implications for particle formation and reactivity in complex systems

In vivo regeneration functionalities of experimental organo-biomaterials containing water-soluble nacre extract

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