Nafion membranes annealed at high temperature and controlled humidity: structure, conductivity, and fuel cell performance

Matos, Bruno R.; Dresch, Mauro André; Santiago, Elisabete I.; Moraes, Leticia P.R.; Carastan, Danilo J.; Schoenmaker, J.; Velasco-Davalos, Ivan; Ruediger, Andréas; Tavares, Ana C.; Fonseca, Fábio C.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.125

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[2][3][4] Other modes of conversion and storage include supercapacitors, hybrid battery-supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogenbased systems and a wide range of photovoltaics. [5][6][7][8][9][10] The development of the next generation of all these modes requires materials that can be understood and controlled at the nanoscale, but also applied on the scale of industrial manufacturing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyoxometalates (POMs): from electroactive clusters to energy materials

Horn

Singh

Alomari

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

267

147

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyoxometalates (POMs): from electroactive clusters to energy materials

Horn

Singh

Alomari

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

267

147

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“…However, it led to a significant deformation in the phase-separated nanostructure resulting in conductivity degradation. 41,42 Therefore, we suggested the necessity of open-structured wrinkles for reliable transfer without Nafion deformation (Figure 4b). Furthermore, the reversed morphologies on the PDMS of G2 wrinkles with ε from 0.37 to 0.75 supported our explanations above (Figure 4c).…”

Section: Respectively)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Hierarchical Wrinkle-Structured Catalyst Layer/Membrane Interface for Ultralow Pt-Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

et al. 2022

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The optimal architecture of three-dimensional (3D) interface between a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and catalyst layer (CL) is one of the most important issues to improve PEM fuel cells' (PEMFCs) performance. Here, we report the fabrication of hierarchical wrinkled PEM/CL interface over a large area. We fabricated the hierarchical wrinkles on a multiscale from nanometers to micrometers by bottom-up-based facile, scalable, and simple method. Notably, it allows one to go beyond the limit of the catalyst utilization by extremely enlarged interfacial area. The resulting hierarchical wrinkled PEM/CL displays a dramatically increased electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and power performance by the enhancement factors of 89% and 67% compared with those of flat interface, which is one of the best enhancements compared to previous PEMFCs. We believe the scalability of hierarchical wrinkled interface can be exploited to design advanced 3D interfaces for high-performance PEMFCs even with ultralow Pt-loading.

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“…Annealing and physical reinforcement through the use of porous supports are well-known methods of improving the mechanical durability of electrolyte membranes. To realize thin and strong electrolyte membranes expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) porous supports can be impregnated with the PFSA ionomer, which has already been commercialized by Gore. , On the other hand, the annealing-induced improvement of physical properties is ascribed to the concomitant increase in the polymer crystallization degree and the decrease in the free volume between polymer chains. − Therefore, several studies have been conducted on Nafion (i.e., LSC-PFSA) to confirm the effects of annealing conditions such as temperature, time, and humidification on membrane physical structure changes and electrochemical properties. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Mechanical Durability of Short-Side-Chain Perfluorinated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Annealing and Physical Reinforcement

et al. 2019

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Physically reinforced short-side-chain perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membranes were fabricated by annealing and using a porous support. Five types of solution-cast membranes were produced from commercial perfluorinated ionomers (3M and Aquivion (AQ)) with different equivalent weights, annealed at different temperatures, and characterized in terms of ion conductivity, water uptake, and in-plane/through-plane swelling, while the effect of annealing on physical structure of membranes was evaluated by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical analysis. To create a reinforced composite membrane (RCM), we impregnated a polytetrafluoroethylene porous support with 3M 729 and AQ 720 electrolytes exhibiting excellent proton conductivity and water uptake. The electrolyte impregnation stability for the porous support was evaluated using a solvent resistance test, and the best performance was observed for the 3M 729 RCM annealed at 200 °C. Both annealed and nonannealed 3M 729 RCMs were used to produce membrane electrode assemblies, the durability of which was evaluated by open-circuit voltage combined wet–dry cycling tests. The nonannealed 3M 729 RCM survived 5800 cycles, while the 3M 729 RCM annealed at 200 °C survived 16 600 cycles and thus exhibited improved mechanical durability.

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Nafion membranes annealed at high temperature and controlled humidity: structure, conductivity, and fuel cell performance

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Polyoxometalates (POMs): from electroactive clusters to energy materials

Polyoxometalates (POMs): from electroactive clusters to energy materials

Hierarchical Wrinkle-Structured Catalyst Layer/Membrane Interface for Ultralow Pt-Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

Improving the Mechanical Durability of Short-Side-Chain Perfluorinated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Annealing and Physical Reinforcement

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