2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.053
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Nafion® nanocomposite membranes: Effect of fluorosurfactants on hydrophobic silica nanoparticle dispersion and direct methanol fuel cell performance

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Cited by 34 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…In highly fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer matrices, fluorosurfactants may be more effective than hydrocarbon surfactants like Pluronics ® in preparing high-performance nanocomposite membranes due to their similar fluorine chemistry. In fact, fluorosurfactants (Zonyl ® FSP: [F(CF 2 CF 2 ) l CH 2 CH 2 O] m P(O)(ONH 4 ) n ; Zonyl ® TBS: F(CF 2 CF 2 ) x CH 2 CH 2 SO 3 H) with different ionic functionalities (phosphoric acid; sulfonic acid characteristics) positively contributed to SiO 2 distribution within a perfluorinated Nafion ® matrix and greatly improved the proton conduction capability over a wide temperature range (25-90 • C) when compared to pure Nafion ® and Nafion ® -SiO 2 composites without surfactants [36,234]. For example, Nafion ® -hydrophilic SiO 2 nanocomposite membranes, in which Zonyl ® TBS was used as a dispersant, exhibited PEFC performances (ca.…”
Section: Organic-inorganic Composite Pemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In highly fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer matrices, fluorosurfactants may be more effective than hydrocarbon surfactants like Pluronics ® in preparing high-performance nanocomposite membranes due to their similar fluorine chemistry. In fact, fluorosurfactants (Zonyl ® FSP: [F(CF 2 CF 2 ) l CH 2 CH 2 O] m P(O)(ONH 4 ) n ; Zonyl ® TBS: F(CF 2 CF 2 ) x CH 2 CH 2 SO 3 H) with different ionic functionalities (phosphoric acid; sulfonic acid characteristics) positively contributed to SiO 2 distribution within a perfluorinated Nafion ® matrix and greatly improved the proton conduction capability over a wide temperature range (25-90 • C) when compared to pure Nafion ® and Nafion ® -SiO 2 composites without surfactants [36,234]. For example, Nafion ® -hydrophilic SiO 2 nanocomposite membranes, in which Zonyl ® TBS was used as a dispersant, exhibited PEFC performances (ca.…”
Section: Organic-inorganic Composite Pemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the low ion exchange capacity (e.g., IEC of Nafion ® 112 = 0.9 mequiv. g −1 ), Nafion ® PFSA membranes have a high acidity due to the electron-withdrawing characteristics of fluorine atoms around the terminal sulfonic acid groups on the side chains [16,[35][36][37][38]. PFSA membranes also form water channels effectively, despite the low water uptake, as a result of the strong phase separation between extremely hydrophobic backbones and hydrophilic side chains ( Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among them, one of the more studied is the Nafion/SiO 2 composite, exhibiting very modest effect on methanol permeation. The relative permeability coefficient, Pr, of these composite membranes ranges between 0.6 and 1.0, independent that the composite was prepare by mixture and recast [33,36,39,40,44] or by sol-gel formation of the silica particles inside the Nafion membrane [32,35]. A much better reduction of the methanol permeation is achieved with sulfonated mesoporous silica [44] and organic functionalized silica [46,47,50] where values of P r between 0.16 and 0.57 have been obtained, varying with the content of inorganic phase.…”
Section: Methanol Permeabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Commercialisation of DMFC systems has been hindered somewhat by the slow rate of methanol oxidation at the anode catalyst sites, the cost of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the methanol crossover through the membrane. DuPont Nafion ® is the most widely utilized proton exchange membrane (PEM) for DMFC applications because of the excellent mechanical properties and high proton conductivity when is fully hydrated [1]. However, methanol diffusion through a Nafion membrane is high in comparison with other PEM materials, but alternative materials do not exhibit proton conductivity comparable to that of Nafion [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%