Nafion®–polybenzimidazole (PBI) composite membranes for DMFC applications

Ainla, Alar; Brandell, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2007.01.014

Cited by 83 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nafion ® was first coated with PBI by Hobson et al [153] in order to reduce the methanol permeability. The work has inspired more interest in developing Nafion ® -PBI blend membranes [154][155][156]. Improved durability at open circuit voltage (OCV) and at constant current density has been reported by Zhai et al [156], however, the test was performed in a relatively short period of time (480-720 h).…”

Section: Ionic Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term durability with a degradation rate of 5 V h −1 has been achieved under continuous operation with hydrogen and air at [150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160] • C. With load or thermal cycling, a performance loss of 300 V per cycle or 40 V h −1 per operating hour was observed. Further improvement should be done by, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,243

852

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. To achieve high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), preferably under ambient pressure, acid-base polymer membranes represent an effective approach. The phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane seems so far the most successful system in the field. It has in recent years motivated extensive research activities with great progress. This treatise is devoted to updating the development, covering polymer synthesis, membrane casting, physicochemical characterizations and fuel cell technologies. To optimize the membrane properties, high molecular weight polymers with synthetically modified or N-substituted structures have been synthesized. Techniques for membrane casting from organic solutions and directly from acid solutions have been developed. Ionic and covalent cross-linking as well as inorganic-organic composites has been explored. Membrane characterizations have been made including spectroscopy, water uptake and acid doping, thermal and oxidative stability, conductivity, electro-osmotic water drag, methanol crossover, solubility and permeability of gases, and oxygen reduction kinetics. Related fuel cell technologies such as electrode and MEA fabrication have been developed and high temperature PEMFC has been successfully demonstrated at temperatures of up to 200• C under ambient pressure. No gas humidification is mandatory, which enables the elimination of the complicated humidification system, compared with Nafion cells. Other operating features of the PBI cell include easy control of air flow rate, cell temperature and cooling. The PBI cell operating at above 150• C can tolerate up to 1% CO and 10 ppm SO 2 in the fuel stream, allowing for simplification of the fuel processing system and possible integration of the fuel cell stack with fuel processing units. Long-term durability with a degradation rate of 5 V h −1 has been achieved under continuous operation with hydrogen and air at 150-160• C. With load or thermal cycling, a performance loss of 300 V per cycle or 40 V h −1 per operating hour was observed. Further improvement should be done by, e.g. optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid-base interaction and acid management, activity and stability of catalyst and more importantly the catalyst support, as well as the integral interface between electrode and membrane.

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Section: Ionic Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,243

852

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“…Also, acid-base blends containing ionic cross-links, such as Nafion/PBI, SPEEK/PBI, and SPPO/PBI ͓PBI and SPPO refer, respectively, to poly͑benzimidazole͒ and sulfonated poly͑2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide͔͒, have been found to exhibit lower methanol crossover in DMFCs. [23][24][25][26] Unfortunately, they usually lead to a sacrifice in fuel cell performance, and microphase separation is easy to occur in such blends due to the incompatibility between the acidic and basic ͑polybenzimidazole͒ polymer structures. 27,28 Recently, we reported that polysulfone bearing benzimidazole ͑PSf-BIm͒ or amino-benzimidazole ͑PSf-ABIm͒ side groups could promote proton conduction in SPEEK under anhydrous conditions through acid-base interaction between the sulfonic acid groups of the SPEEK and the nitrogen atoms of the benzimidazole groups tethered to similar aromatic backbones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blend Membranes Consisting of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) and Polysulfone Bearing 4-Nitrobenzimidazole for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Li¹,

Fu²,

Manthiram³

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=1884314&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=1884314&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1149/1.3040242 Society, 156, 2, pp. B258-B263, 2009 Blend Low-cost blend membranes consisting of sulfonated poly͑ether ether ketone͒͑ SPEEK͒͑ an acidic polymer͒ and polysulfone-4-nitrobenzimidazole ͑PSf-NBIm͒͑ a basic polymer͒ have been prepared with various PSf-NBIm contents ͑0-5.0 wt %͒ and characterized by ion-exchange capacity, proton conductivity, and water uptake measurements. The blend membranes with PSf-NBIm contents of 2.5 and 5.0 wt % show higher proton conductivity and lower water uptake in water and methanol/water solutions at a given temperature than plain SPEEK. The blend membranes also exhibit better electrochemical performance and lower methanol crossover in a direct methanol fuel cell than plain SPEEK and Nafion 115 membranes due to an enhancement in proton conductivity through acid-base interactions and an insertion of the benzimidazole side groups into the ionic clusters of SPEEK, as indicated by small-angle X-ray scattering. The maximum power density of the blend membrane with a PSf-NBIm content of 2.5 wt % is 1.5 times higher than that of the Nafion 115 in 1 M methanol solution at 80°C. Journal of te Electrochemical

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] For example, a part of methanol fuel permeates from the anode to the cathode through a polymer electrolyte membrane during the DMFC operation (i.e. methanol crossover), which significantly suppresses the O 2 reduction performance at the cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…methanol crossover), which significantly suppresses the O 2 reduction performance at the cathode. 1,[4][5][6][7][8] At the anode, a small amount of O 2 supplied leaks from the cathode (O 2 -crossleak), resulting in the low methanol oxidation performance. 8 The decreases in these electrode reactions are attributed to a competitive reaction of the methanol oxidation and the O 2 reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-annealing Effects on Reaction Selectivity of Methanol Oxidation at Carbon-based Platinum Co-sputtered Electrocatalyst

et al. 2015

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A carbon with Pt (C-Pt) catalyst was prepared by a co-sputtering technique. Pt4f peaks of the prepared sample were observed at higher binding energies than those of a Pt sputtered sample. These Pt4f peaks shifted to the low binding energies with an increase in a post-annealing temperature, whereas the C1s peak position was unchanged. For the C-Pt catalyst as sputter-deposited, the methanol oxidation performance was enhanced by the presence of O 2 . This O 2 -enhnaced methanol oxidation was suppressed by the post-annealing at 160°C, while the reaction selectivity of the methanol oxidation was retained.

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Nafion®–polybenzimidazole (PBI) composite membranes for DMFC applications

Cited by 83 publications

References 22 publications

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Blend Membranes Consisting of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) and Polysulfone Bearing 4-Nitrobenzimidazole for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Post-annealing Effects on Reaction Selectivity of Methanol Oxidation at Carbon-based Platinum Co-sputtered Electrocatalyst

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