Since cloning and characterizing the first nociceptive ion channel
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), other TRP channels
involved in nociception have been cloned and characterized, which include TRP
Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), TRP Vanilloid 3 (TRPV3), TRP Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), TRP
Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP Melastatin 8 (TRPM8), more recently TRP Canonical 1,
5, 6 (TRPC1, 5, 6), TRP Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) and TRP Melastatin 3 (TRPM3). These
channels are predominantly expressed in C and Aδ nociceptors and
transmit noxious thermal, mechanical and chemical sensitivities. TRP channels
are modulated by pro-inflammatory mediators, neuropeptides and cytokines.
Significant advances have been made targeting these receptors either by
antagonists or agonists to treat painful conditions. In this review, we will
discuss TRP channels as targets for next generation analgesics and the side
effects that may ensue as a result of blocking/activating these receptors,
because they are also involved in physiological functions such as release of
vasoactive neuropeptides and regulation of vascular tone, maintenance of the
body temperature, gastrointestinal motility, urinary bladder control etc.