Name Letter Preferences Are Not Merely Mere Exposure: Implicit Egotism as Self-Regulation

Jones, J. T.; Pelham, Brett W.; Mirenberg, Matthew C.; Hetts, John J.

doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1497

Cited by 156 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, conducting a moderation analysis might not be the best way to test implicit egotism as a mechanism behind physical similarity and interpersonal attraction. Given that implicit egotism effects tend to be amplified by self-concept threats (Brownlow et al, 2007;Jones et al, 2002;Koole et al, 1999), it might have been more powerful and informative to manipulate self-concept threat, and examine the resultant effect on the physical similarity / seating distance relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar effects have also been found using birthdays; for example, someone born on 02/02, is more likely to live in Two Rivers . The notion that implicit egotism might play a role in important life decisions has met with both theoretical and statistical criticism (see Galluci, 2003), but Pelham and colleagues have tended to find support for their hypotheses even when controlling for confounding variables, such as name rarity (Jones, Pelham, Mirenberg & Hetts, 2002) and by using more conservative statistical analyses (Pelham, Carvallo, DeHart & Jones, 2003).…”

Section: Implicit Egotismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous research studies have shown that a self-concept threat can enhance implicit egotism; for example, threat can increase name-letter preferences (Brownlow et al, 2007;Jones et al, 2002;Koole, Smeets, van Kippenberg, & Dijksterhuis, 1999), increase consumer brand choices that are similar to one's name (Brendl, Chattopadhyay, Pelam & Carvallo, 2005) increase implicit self-esteem using reaction-time measures (Rudman, Dohn, & Fairchild, 2007), and increase the perceived attractiveness of similar others (Jones et al, 2004;Xinyue et al, 2006). On the other hand, the effects of implicit egotism are attenuated (or even disappear altogether) when people are provided with selfaffirmation (Koole et al, 1999;Brendl et al, 2005;Xinyue et al, 2006;Rudman et al, 2007).…”

Section: Implicit Egotismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birds of a Feather Sit Together: Physical Similarity Predicts Seating Choice

Mackinnon

Jordan

Wilson

2011

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Across four studies, people sat (or reported they would sit) closer to physically similar others. Study 1 revealed significant aggregation in seating patterns on two easily observed characteristics: glasses wearing and sex. Study 2 replicated this finding with a wider variety of physical traits: race, sex, glasses wearing, hair length, and hair color. The overall tendency for people to sit beside physically similar others remained significant when controlling for sex and race, suggesting people aggregate on physical dimensions other than broad social categories. Study 3 conceptually replicated these results in a laboratory setting. The more physically similar participants were to a confederate, the closer they sat before an anticipated interaction when controlling for sex, race, and attractiveness similarity. In Study 4, overall physical similarity and glasses wearing similarity predicted self-reported seating distance. These effects were mediated by perceived attitudinal similarity. Liking and inferred acceptance also received support as mediators for glasses wearing similarity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implicit Egotismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implicit Egotismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birds of a Feather Sit Together: Physical Similarity Predicts Seating Choice

Mackinnon

Jordan

Wilson

2011

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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“…The NLE has since been amply replicated (see e.g. Kitayama & Karasawa, 1997;Koole, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2001;Nuttin, 1987) and extended to birthday number (Jones, et al, 2004;Jones, et al, 2002;Kitayama & Karasawa, 1997), to the liking of products with brands that resemble people"s names (Brendl, Chattopadhyay, Pelham, & Carvallo, 2005), and to the pursuit of consciously avoided outcomes (Nelson & Simmons, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spurious? Name Similarity Effects (Implicit Egotism) in Marriage, Job and Moving Decisions

Simonsohn¹

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Three articles published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology have shown that a disproportionate share of people choose spouses, places to live, and occupations with names similar to their own. These findings, interpreted as evidence of implicit egotism, are included in most modern social psychology textbooks and many university courses. The current article successfully replicates the original findings but shows that they are most likely caused by a combination of cohort, geographic, and ethnic confounds as well as reverse causality. Abstract. Three papers published in this journal have shown that a disproportionate share of people choose spouses, places to live, and occupations with names similar to their own. These findings, interpreted as evidence of implicit egotism, are now included in most modern social psychology textbooks and many university courses. This paper successfully replicates the original findings but then shows that they are most likely caused by a combination of cohort, geographic and ethnic confounds, and reverse causality.

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“…Future research could profitably explore whether the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 23 SPOT effect correlates with susceptibility to self-enhancement effects of a more associative sort, such as the name letter task (Hoorens, 2014) and whether it sensibly waxes and wanes in response to self-enhancement manipulations that are indicative of motivational underpinnings (cf. Jones, Pelham, Mirenberg, & Hetts, 2002). How significant is the SPOT effect?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SPOT Effect: People Spontaneously Prefer their Own Theories

Gregg

Mahadevan

Sedikides

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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People often exhibit confirmation bias: they process information bearing on the truth of their theories in a way that facilitates their continuing to regard those theories as true. Here, we tested whether confirmation bias would emerge even under the most minimal of conditions. Specifically, we tested whether drawing a nominal link between the self and a theory would suffice to bias people towards regarding that theory as true. If, all else equal, people regard the self as good (i.e., engage in self-enhancement), and good theories are true (in accord with their intended function), then people should regard their own theories as true; otherwise put, they should manifest a Spontaneous Preference for their Own Theories (i.e., a SPOT effect).In three experiments, participants were introduced to a theory about which of two imaginary alien species preyed upon the other. Participants then considered in turn several items of evidence bearing on the theory, and each time evaluated the likelihood that the theory was true versus false. As hypothesized, participants regarded the theory as more likely to be true when it was arbitrarily ascribed to them as opposed to an "Alex" (Experiment 1) or to no one (Experiment 2). We also found that the SPOT effect failed to converge with four different indices of self-enhancement (Experiment 3), suggesting it may be distinctive in character.

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Name Letter Preferences Are Not Merely Mere Exposure: Implicit Egotism as Self-Regulation

Cited by 156 publications

References 37 publications

Birds of a Feather Sit Together: Physical Similarity Predicts Seating Choice

Birds of a Feather Sit Together: Physical Similarity Predicts Seating Choice

Spurious? Name Similarity Effects (Implicit Egotism) in Marriage, Job and Moving Decisions

The SPOT Effect: People Spontaneously Prefer their Own Theories

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