Naming, rehearsal, and interstimulus interval effects in memory processing.

Wright, Anthony A.; Cook, Robert G.; Rivera, Jacquelyne J.; Shyan, Melissa R.; Neiworth, Julie J.; Jitsumori, Masako

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.6.1043

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Five durations (.08, .5, 1, 2, and 4 sec) of viewing time and ISI were varied independently, using lists that were 6 or 10 items in length. The 6-item list test phase was identical to a previous experiment done with human subjects (Wright et al, 1990), which allowed the comparison of the two species in the same procedure. A test with lO-item lists was also conducted in order to increase memory load and create conditions in which the use of rehearsal by the monkeys might be more advantageous for maintaining high levels of accuracy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interstimulus interval and viewing time effects in monkey list memory

Cook

Wright

Sands

1991

Animal Learning & Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two rhesus monkeys were tested in 6-and Iü-item list memory tasks for performance changes as a function ofthe exposure duration ofthe list stimuli and the interstimulus interval (lSI) between successive list stimuli. Accuracy increased with longer item exposure duration and tended to decrease with longer ISI duration. Humans, by contrast, typically show increases in accuracy with ISI, a result taken as evidence of rehearsal. The decrease in accuracy for monkeys suggests that they were not using rehearsal processes in these list memory experiments. Further tests in which choice accuracy with predictahle ISls was compared with choice accuracy with unpredictahle ISls also yielded no evidence of rehearsal by the monkeys. This apparent absence of rehearsal mechanisms in monkeys, in situations also shown to support human rehearsal, is discussed as a potential difference in the visual working memory processes of the two species.Humans regularly engage in rehearsal. Indeed it is difficult to imagine a day going by without our rehearsing something, whether it be telephone numbers, addresses, shopping lists, or names of new acquaintances. Although rehearsal often involves language, this apparently is not a necessary requirement; rehearsal can occur with pictorial stimuli in humans (Watkins, Peynircioglu, & Brems, 1984). In this article, rehearsal will be considered as a subject-controlled, memory-based repetition of to-be-remembered material (cf. Johnson, 1980;Watkins & Peynircioglu, 1982). This relatively broad view of rehearsal includes both the overt and covert rehearsal of either visual or verbal materials. When considered thus, rehearsal does not depend on language, and this opens up the possibility that other animals may also have rehearsal-like processes. Procedures involving our human capabilities for language and speech have been valuable and frequently used in the study of rehearsal (see, e.g., Dark & Loftus, 1976;Rundus, 1971;Rundus & Atkinson, 1970; Modigliani & Hedges, 1987), but obviously they cannot be used in examining this question in other animals.During the past decade, the interstirnulus-interval (181) or blank-time procedure has been developed as a promising means of studying animal rehearsal. Rehearsal in humans is identified in this procedure through the increased accuracy that is observed when the ISls between the iterns of a to-be-remembered list or sequence are lengthened. 153For example, Intraub (1980) presented subjects with sequences of 16 pictures at different ISls and then tested item recognition. Subjects presented with pictures for l l O msec and no ISI performed at only 59 % accuracy, but as the ISI was lengthened to 385 msec, 620 msec, 1,390 msec, and finally 4,890 msec, performance increased to 71 %, 78 %, 91 %, and 92 %, respectively. 1 Performance in the 4,89O-msec ISI condition (viewing time, 110 msec) was as accurate as it was when each item was visible for 5 sec. This increase in accuracy with langer ISls will be referred to as the ISI effect in the present article.The ISI effect...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We wanted to be sure that our testing procedures could indeed produce the standard ISI effect in humans. Toward this end, some of the tests were identical in all important respects to a companion ISI experiment used to test human subjects (Wright et al, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstimulus interval and viewing time effects in monkey list memory

Cook

Wright

Sands

1991

Animal Learning & Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such verbal material has been shown to be processed primarily in the left hemisphere (e.g., Milner 1971). The second task involved pictorial material that is not amenable to verbal processing (Wright et al 1990). Such nonverbal material has been shown to be processed primarily in the right hemisphere (e.g., Milner 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hippocampus and Memory of Verbal and Pictorial Material

Papanicolaou¹,

Simos

Castillo

et al. 2002

Learn. Mem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recognition of words and kaleidoscope pictures showed a double dissociation of left and right hippocampal activity using magnetic source imaging (MSI). MSI has advantages over alternative imaging techniques that measure hemodynamic changes for identifying regional changes in brain activity in real time and on an individual subject basis without the need for image subtraction. In this study, lists of words or kaleidoscope pictures were presented for memorization followed by tests of list items and foils during which brain activity was recorded. There was greater activation in the left than the right hippocampus with abstract nouns (e.g., relief) and greater activation in the right than the left hippocampus with kaleidoscope pictures. This dissociation was evident on a case by case basis. This study demonstrates the specialization of the two medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions, including the hippocampi, for mnemonic processing of verbal and pictorial items that are difficult to encode verbally.

show abstract

“…Yet another more simple explanation for why memory is better for the exposition is that it is presented first, namely the primacy effect in long term memory (Tabachnik & Joyce, 1976;Wright, Cook, Rivera, Shyan, Neiworth, & Jitsumori, 1990). If this memory pattern was due strictly to a primacy effect, then a linear trend would be expected where the exposition is best and each subsequent component performs worse than the one preceding it.…”

Section: Predictions For Episode Component Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of scrambling episode components on memory for a picture story: Not understanding, but recognizing what you saw

Larson¹

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How are episodes of picture stories remembered, and what role does the order of their components (exposition, complication, and resolution) play in that memory? We presented picture sequence episodes of the "Red Balloon" with the order of their components either normal or scrambled. As predicted by story grammar theories, scrambling episode components reduced self-rated comprehension and recall. However, scrambling also produced faster recognition memory responses for hits. This suggests that episode component scrambling interfered with the transformation of perceptual to conceptual information in LTM, producing an advantage for familiarity over recollection. Additionally, recall memory decreased monotonically from exposition to resolution, whereas recognition memory showed the opposite result, and this was the same whether components were normally ordered or scrambled. This suggests that memory for picture story episode components is based on their information content rather than their temporal order, and that information from picture stories moves from perceptual to conceptual memory representations.iv

show abstract

Naming, rehearsal, and interstimulus interval effects in memory processing.

Cited by 39 publications

References 64 publications

Interstimulus interval and viewing time effects in monkey list memory

Interstimulus interval and viewing time effects in monkey list memory

The Hippocampus and Memory of Verbal and Pictorial Material

The effects of scrambling episode components on memory for a picture story: Not understanding, but recognizing what you saw

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About