Nano Antenna Array for Terahertz Detection

Abstract

Infrared (IR) detectors have been fabricated consisting of antenna-coupled metal-oxide-metal diodes (ACMOMDs). These detectors were defined using electron beam lithography with shadow evaporation metal deposition. They are designed to be sensitive to the IR range and work at room temperature without cooling or biasing. In order to achieve large arrays of ACMOMDs, nanotransfer printing have been used to cover a large area with metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diodes and with antenna structures. The printed antenna structures consist of gold and aluminum and exhibit a low electrical resistivity. A large area array of MOM tunneling diodes with an ultrathin dielectric ( 3.6-nm aluminum oxide) has also been fabricated via the transfer-printing process. The MOM diodes exhibit excellent tunneling characteristics. Both direct and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling has been observed over eight orders of magnitude in current density. Static device parameters have been extracted via kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and have confirmed the existence of a dipole layer at the aluminum/aluminum oxide interface of the printed tunneling diodes. The mechanical yield of the transfer-printing process for the MOM tunneling diodes is almost a 100%, confirming that transfer printing is suitable for large area effective fabrication of these quantum devices.

The rectenna device: From theory to practice (a review)

“…Nevertheless, designing the best rectenna architecture is as equally important as optimising its two main constituents. There are many publication on antenna-coupled rectifiers used for optical 94,172,[218][219][220] or infrared 108,134,173,176,177,[221][222][223] sensing whereas, to the best of our knowledge, there is no antenna-rectifier device reported to harvest electromagnetic energy at the high solar frequencies. The gap between sensing and harvesting lies in how efficiently the incoming signal is converted and this is what limits the realisation of a true working solar rectenna.…”

“…Figure 29 shows a dipole antenna coupled with a metal-oxide-metal diode based on an Al/AlO x /Pt structure. This type of architecture is used for IR detection 134,173,177,221 and up to 28 THz 177 can be sensed with a Ni/NiO/Ni diode. Arrays of the structure can be fabricated either with e-beam lithography or a more economical nanotransfer printing process, which does not compromise the quality of the tunnel junction 221 .…”

“…This type of architecture is used for IR detection 134,173,177,221 and up to 28 THz 177 can be sensed with a Ni/NiO/Ni diode. Arrays of the structure can be fabricated either with e-beam lithography or a more economical nanotransfer printing process, which does not compromise the quality of the tunnel junction 221 . This design gives the benefit of producing small area diodes directly coupled to an antenna, which can be tailored to the length scale of the desired operating frequency.…”

Kinetic Monte Carlo of transport processes in Al/AlOx/Au-layers: Impact of defects

“…1,2 In fact, aluminum oxide, AlO x , turned out to be useful for many electronic applications like silicon-onsapphire for CMOS technology, 3 organic devices, 4 THz-nano-rectennas, 5 nTP tunnel diodes, 6 gate metals on III/V-semiconductors 7,8 and for resistive switches. 9 In these applications AlO x films are mostly produced by ALD, 7,10 RIE-plasma-growth 6 or thermal oxidation.…”

Novel Nano-Antenna System Design Using Photonic Spin in a Panda Ring Resonator

“…Therefore, the searching of a small antenna with good performance is necessary, in which a new type of a nano-antenna is recommended for the modern telephone handset application. To date, nano-antenna has become an interesting field as seen from many aspects of applications such as biology and medicine [1], monitoring and spectroscopy, medical imaging [2,3], security [3], material spectroscopy and sensing [4], and high data rate communications [5]. For the high frequency in THz scale, optical nano-antenna offers dominant feature of a micro/nanoscale device.…”