Nano‐Bio Engineered Carbon Dot‐Peptide Functionalized Water Dispersible Hyperbranched Polyurethane for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

The present study delves into a combined bio-nano-macromolecular approach for bone tissue engineering. This approach relies on the properties of an ideal scaffold material imbued with all the chemical premises required for fostering cellular growth and differentiation. A tannic acid based water dispersible hyperbranched polyurethane is fabricated with bio-nanohybrids of carbon dot and four different peptides (viz. SVVYGLR, PRGDSGYRGDS, IPP, and CGGKVGKACCVPTKLSPISVLYK) to impart target specific in vivo bone healing ability. This polymeric bio-nanocomposite is blended with 10 wt% of gelatin and examined as a non-invasive delivery vehicle. In vitro assessment of the developed polymeric system reveals good osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Aided by this panel of peptides, the polymeric bio-nanocomposite exhibits in vivo ectopic bone formation ability. The study on in vivo mineralization and vascularization reveals the occurrence of calcification and blood vessel formation. Thus, the study demonstrates carbon dot/peptide functionalized hyperbranched polyurethane gel for bone tissue engineering application.

Bone Tissue Engineering via Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials

“…First, a new trend in BTE seeks to further improve bone regeneration via the local delivery of reagents or biomolecules that are essential for natural bone formation . Thanks to the large surface area and rich surface functionalities the carbon‐based nanomaterials generally possess, they are promising candidates to build such scaffolds for next generation of BTE as demonstrated by recent studies . The second trend is the development of BTE scaffolds based on composite materials rather than a single material.…”

“… Apart from the easy and economical accessibility, C‐dots also have several other advantages, as BTE scaffold materials, over traditional bioceramics and polymers: first, the bright PL of C‐dots could be used to track the process of scaffold biodegradation after the regeneration of bone tissues; second, the photothermal effect of C‐dots could be used to kill tumor cells, especially for bone cancer cells that are hard to reach; third, the antibacterial activity of C‐dots could be used to prevent/treat infections which are common after bone injury or surgery; last but not the least, C‐dots have rich surface functionalities (i.e., carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine groups, etc. ), which could be conjugated easily with other components (i.e., BMP‐2) to achieve swift and efficient bone tissue regeneration . For instance, Han and co‐workers exploited the excellent photothermal effect of C‐dots, and constructed scaffolds that not only increased normal bone cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, but also significantly inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro and effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo under near‐infrared irradiation (Figure 16C).…”

Carbon based nanomaterials for tissue engineering of bone: Building new bone on small black scaffolds: A review

“…These properties make CDs a good option for applications in biomedicine [132], biosensors [133], [134], [135], solar cells [136], [137], supercapacitors [138] and photocatalysts [139], [140]. Recently, the potential of CDs and other carbon nanomaterials has been tested in bioimaging applications [123], [141], drug delivery [142] and in bone tissue engineering fields [143]. Other applications have involved optoelectronics [144], biosensing [145], bioimaging [146], medicinal [147] and catalysis [148].…”

Medical Applications Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembled Materials From Tannic Acid

“…The LbL films fabricated from TA and PVPON via reversible hydrogen bonding are used to controllably regulate physiological processes by gradually disassembling and releasing TA into the media (Zhou et al, 2013 ). The films compounded by TA and lignin are expected to enhance Col-H strength against compression force, the antibacterial effect, and mechanical stability (Velmurugan et al, 2014 ; Gogoi et al, 2017 ). TA is increasingly used in biomaterials and medicine because of its excellent biocompatibility and high reactivity.…”