Nano-Biomaterials for Retinal Regeneration

Abstract

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized key areas of environmental sciences, including biological and physical sciences. Nanoscience is useful in interconnecting these sciences to find new hybrid avenues targeted at improving daily life. Pharmaceuticals, regenerative medicine, and stem cell research are among the prominent segments of biological sciences that will be improved by nanostructure innovations. The present review was written to present a comprehensive insight into various emerging nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, hybrid nanostructures, and nanoscaffolds, that have been useful in mice for ocular tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, the current status, future perspectives, and challenges of nanotechnology in tracking cells or nanostructures in the eye and their use in modified regenerative ophthalmology mechanisms have also been proposed and discussed in detail. In the present review, various research findings on the use of nano-biomaterials in retinal regeneration and retinal remediation are presented, and these findings might be useful for future clinical applications.

Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review

“…Several nano- and micro-particles have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human use with delivery by oral, local, topical, and systemic (e.g., intravenous) administration, depending on the desired application or targeted site. Sharma et al (2021) have reviewed various emerging nano-biomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, hybrid nanostructures, and nanoscaffolds, that have been used for ocular tissue engineering and retinal regeneration in mice. The interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems are known to depend on properties such as size, shape, chemical functionality, surface charge, and composition ( Albanese et al, 2012 ).…”

Exploration: Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal Diseases

“…NPs have recently been developed as agents that improve contrast in a variety of imaging modalities, such as fluoroscopy, X-ray, and CT [14][15][16][17]. Indocyanine green (ICG), an amphiphilic cyanine dye, was authorized for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1954 [18].…”

Recent achievements in nano-based technologies for ocular disease diagnosis and treatment, review and update

“…The biocompatibility of different organs with many nanomaterials, for instance, NPs, hybrid nanostructures, and nanowires (NWs) have increased the possibility of their usage in clinical uses, particularly in retinal regeneration [ 163 – 166 ]. Amongst these, NPs such as magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) and AuNPs are extensively employed in pre-clinical and clinical settings [ 167 – 169 ]. Some important applications of MIONs in tissue regeneration research include tracking of transplanted cells; magnetically controlled release and delivery; magnetic regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell adhesion; and magnetothermal activation of ion channels and signal pathways and etc.…”