Nano-Hybrid-Composite Scaffolds from Substituted Apatite/Gelatin

Abstract

Precursors for the preparation of Si-CHA (silicon and carbonate substituted hydroxyl-apatite) were added in stoichiometric composition in amounts either 30 or 50 solid wt. % to a solution of gelatin to form hybrid nano-composite scaffolds (B(G/Si-CHA)). Temperature was maintained at 40°C and pH at 8 during the reaction. Glutaraldehyde was added to complete the cross-linking then washed. Thereafter, glycine was added to the product to get rid of any glutaraldehyde remnants. Both, 30 and 50% obtained scaffolds were compared with ones containing the same proportions from previously prepared nano powders of the Si-CHA named (C(G/Si-CHA)). The four types and a control one made of gelatin alone (G) were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM & SEM) and mercury porosimeter. In vitro study was carried out on the prepared scaffolds by immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different periods between 1and 28 days. The change in the percentage of the different ions with time in the solutions was followed. Results of IR showed the reaction of the carboxylic groups of gelatin with the added ingredients giving a homogeneous distribution of the inorganic phase formed (Si-CHA). High porosity reaching 94% was achieved with macro and micro pores without the addition of a porogen material.

Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

“…Unfortunately, in the majority of the already published papers it often remained unclear whether “nanodimensional HA”, in fact, represented the nanodimensional stoichiometric HA or a nanodimensional non-stoichiometric CDHA; therefore, no differentiation is possible between them. These studies covered biocomposites with PGA [ 521 ], PLA [ 176 , 267 , 522 , 523 , 524 , 525 , 526 , 527 , 528 , 529 , 530 , 531 , 532 , 533 ] and its copolymers with PGA [ 534 , 535 , 536 ] and PCL [ 537 ], collagen [ 538 , 539 , 540 , 541 , 542 , 543 , 544 , 545 , 546 , 547 , 548 ], collagen + PLA [ 549 , 550 , 551 , 552 , 553 , 554 ], collagen + PVA [ 555 ], collagen + alginate [ 556 , 557 ], alginate [ 558 ], gelatin [ 559 , 560 , 561 , 562 , 563 , 564 ], PPF [ 565 , 566 , 567 ], PA [ 243 , 244…”

“…CaPO 4 /gelatin biocomposites are widely investigated as potential bone replacement biomaterials [ 253 , 383 , 384 , 385 , 386 , 387 , 388 , 389 , 390 , 409 , 446 , 447 , 448 , 559 , 560 , 561 , 562 , 563 , 564 , 734 , 735 , 736 , 737 , 738 , 739 ]. For example, gelatin foams were successfully mechanically reinforced by HA and then crosslinked by a carbodiimide derivative [ 253 ].…”