2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.015
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Nano-Sn embedded in expanded graphite as anode for lithium ion batteries with improved low temperature electrochemical performance

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Cited by 94 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…This feature makes the technique suitable for a large range of applications. This explains why it has been widely used in electrochemical related fields as fuel cells [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], batteries [13][14][15][16][17][18], corrosion [19][20][21][22][23], coatings [24][25][26], electrochemical sensors [27][28] and supercapacitors [29][30][31][32]. This electrochemical technique has also been used in fields that are not traditionally related to electrochemistry as biochemical assays [33][34][35][36], oncology [37][38][39] and immunology [40][41], amongst others.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This feature makes the technique suitable for a large range of applications. This explains why it has been widely used in electrochemical related fields as fuel cells [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], batteries [13][14][15][16][17][18], corrosion [19][20][21][22][23], coatings [24][25][26], electrochemical sensors [27][28] and supercapacitors [29][30][31][32]. This electrochemical technique has also been used in fields that are not traditionally related to electrochemistry as biochemical assays [33][34][35][36], oncology [37][38][39] and immunology [40][41], amongst others.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main reason for the difference in the first discharge curve of Co 3 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 @G based batteries may be caused by the different electron conductivity on the surface and interior of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles derived from the introduction of graphene. Figure 6b shows that the Co 3 O 4 @G composite can retain superior low temperature capacity retentions compared with the pure Co 3 O 4 and the other reported low temperature anode materials [27,44–51] . The reversible capacity of Co 3 O 4 @G in the first cycle is 920.4 mAh g −1 at an operating temperature of 30 °C with 0.2 A g −1 current density, while the capacity retention ratios at 0, −10, −20 and −30 °C are 86.8%, 79.4%, 64.5% and 58.4%, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…In addition, graphite anodes only retain ∼12% of their room temperature capacity when the graphite‐based LIBs is operated at −20 °C [26] . Although the compositing of graphite with metals or metal oxides and optimizing its morphology and crystallography have shown certain improvements in the electrochemical behavior at subzero temperatures, [18,19,27] the issue of Li plating has not been resolved completely due to its inherent low lithiation potential and the inevitable potential polarization. Similarly, the phenomenon of capacity loss and Li plating at subzero temperature also occur in alloying‐type Si‐based materials, which also possess a low operation potential of 0.2–0.4 V [28] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This low‐cost and simple modification strategy for graphite developed in this study may also be extended to graphite‐based composites (silicon/graphite, metal/graphite, oxide/graphite, etc. ), mesocarbon microbeads, carbon black, and some other carbon materials with graphite‐like polycyclic aromatic structures.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%