Nanoantenna design for enhanced carrier–envelope-phase sensitivity

Buckley, D. H.; Yang, Yujia; Yang-Keathley, Yugu; Berggren, Karl K.; Keathley, Phillip D.

doi:10.1364/josab.424549

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For instance, when examining the current density emitted from the tip of antenna 1 in Figure 5, we see that the emission is limited to just the three central half-cycles, explaining the increased CEP-sensitivity. As explained in prior work, CEP decreases significantly as the number of contributing half-cycles increases [12], [49] (also see further analysis provided in Appendix B).…”

Section: A Cep-sensitive Signalsupporting

confidence: 59%

PHz Electronic Device Design and Simulation for Waveguide-Integrated Carrier-Envelope Phase Detection

Mor

Yang

Kärtner

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) detection of ultrashort optical pulses and low-energy waveform field sampling have recently been demonstrated using direct time-domain methods that exploit optical-field photoemission from plasmonic nanoantennas. These devices make for compact and integratable solid-state detectors operating at optical frequency that work in ambient conditions and require minute pulse energies (picojoule-level). Applications include frequency-comb stabilization, visible to near-infrared time-domain spectroscopy, compact tools for attosecond science and metrology and, due to the high electronic switching speeds, petahertz-scale information processing. However, these devices have been driven by freespace optical waveforms and their implementation within integrated photonic platforms has yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we design and simulate fully-integrated plasmonic bow-tie nanoantennas coupled to a Si 3 N 4 -core waveguide for CEP detection. We find that when coupled to realistic on-chip, few-cycle supercontinuum sources, these devices are suitable for direct time-domain CEP detection within integrated photonic platforms. We estimate a signalto-noise ratio of 30 dB at 50 kHz resolution bandwidth. We address technical details, such as the tuning of the nanoantennas plasmonic resonance and the waveform's CEP slippage in the waveguide. Moreover, we evaluate power losses due to absorption and scattering and we study the device sensitivity to pulse duration and pulse peak field intensity. Our results provide the basis for future design and fabrication of time-domain CEP detectors and allow for the development of fully-integrated attosecond science applications, frequency-comb stabilization and light-wavebased PHz electronics.

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Section: A Cep-sensitive Signalsupporting

confidence: 59%

PHz Electronic Device Design and Simulation for Waveguide-Integrated Carrier-Envelope Phase Detection

Mor

Yang

Kärtner

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Our optoelectronic metasurface concept is illustrated in Fig. 1a , in which inversion-symmetry-broken gold nanoantennas act as lightning rods 29 , 30 , with strong, resonantly enhanced light fields at their sharp tips (approximately 15 nm radius; Fig. 1b,c , insets).…”

Section: Ultrafast Directional Photocurrentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-driven nanoscale vectorial currents

Pettine,

Padmanabhan,

Shi

et al. 2024

Nature

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Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of material properties and dynamics1 and as a means of revealing2,3 or even inducing4,5 broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control5–16 offer particularly promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional voltage-driven systems. However, optical generation and manipulation of currents at nanometre spatial scales remains a basic challenge and a crucial step towards scalable optoelectronic systems for microelectronics and information science. Here we introduce vectorial optoelectronic metasurfaces in which ultrafast light pulses induce local directional charge flows around symmetry-broken plasmonic nanostructures, with tunable responses and arbitrary patterning down to subdiffractive nanometre scales. Local symmetries and vectorial currents are revealed by polarization-dependent and wavelength-sensitive electrical readout and terahertz (THz) emission, whereas spatially tailored global currents are demonstrated in the direct generation of elusive broadband THz vector beams17. We show that, in graphene, a detailed interplay between electrodynamic, thermodynamic and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom gives rise to rapidly evolving nanoscale driving forces and charge flows under the extremely spatially and temporally localized excitation. These results set the stage for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents in materials diagnostics, THz spectroscopies, nanomagnetism and ultrafast information processing.

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“…Plasmonic nanostructures have proven to be a successful platform to study strong-field phenomena. Other than enhancing the field in the vicinity of the nanostructure, the plasmonic resonance also causes spectral and temporal distortions with respect to the incoming laser transients [ 25 ]. In this context, we propose to investigate how the Gouy CEP shift of focused octave-spanning single-cycle laser pulses affects the field-emission inside a plasmonic nanogap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gouy phase effects on photocurrents in plasmonic nanogaps driven by single-cycle pulses

Rossetti,

Falk,

Leitenstorfer

et al. 2024

Nanophotonics

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The investigation of optical phenomena in the strong-field regime requires few-cycle laser pulses at field strengths exceeding gigavolts per meter (GV/m). Surprisingly, such conditions can be reached by tightly focusing pJ-level pulses with nearly octave spanning optical bandwidth onto plasmonic nanostructures, exploiting the field-enhancement effect. In this situation, the Gouy phase of the focused beam can deviate significantly from the monochromatic scenario. Here, we study the effect of the Gouy phase of a pulse exploited to drive coherent strong-field photocurrents within a plasmonic gap nanoantenna. While the influence of the specific Gouy phase profile in the experiment approaches the monochromatic case closely, this scheme may be utilized to identify more intricate phase profiles at sub-diffraction scale. Our results pave the way for Gouy phase engineering at picojoule (pJ) pulse energy levels, enabling the optimization of strong-field optical phenomena.

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Nanoantenna design for enhanced carrier–envelope-phase sensitivity

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

PHz Electronic Device Design and Simulation for Waveguide-Integrated Carrier-Envelope Phase Detection

PHz Electronic Device Design and Simulation for Waveguide-Integrated Carrier-Envelope Phase Detection

Light-driven nanoscale vectorial currents

Gouy phase effects on photocurrents in plasmonic nanogaps driven by single-cycle pulses

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