Nanobodies: A New Approach for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Infectious Diseases

Sroga, Patrycja; Safronetz, David; Stein, Derek

doi:10.2217/fvl-2019-0167

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Thus, nanobodies deriving from naturally occurring heavy chain-only antibodies of camelids have been proven to be useful tools in imaging technology, diagnosis, prevention and therapy of several diseases as cancer, viral infection, and blood disorders. [22][23][24] They combine several advantageous qualities like unique biochemical characteristics and low immunogenicity. 25 Owed to their particular paratopes, that is, finger-like extensions that facilitate the recognition of a broad panel of various epitopes on antigens, and their reported antigen affinities comparable with affinities of monoclonal antibodies they recently aroused our interest to evaluate their potential to compete with IgE antibodies for allergen binding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of nanobodies with potential to reduce patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1

Zettl

Иванова

Strobl

et al. 2021

Allergy

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Background Recent studies showed that a single injection of human monoclonal allergen‐specific IgG antibodies significantly reduced allergic symptoms in birch pollen‐allergic patients. Since the production of full monoclonal antibodies in sufficient amounts is laborious and expensive, we sought to investigate if smaller recombinant allergen‐specific antibody fragments, that is, nanobodies, have similar protective potential. For this purpose, nanobodies specific for Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, were generated to evaluate their efficacy to inhibit IgE‐mediated responses. Methods A cDNA‐VHH library was constructed from a camel immunized with Bet v 1 and screened for Bet v 1 binders encoding sequences by phage display. Selected nanobodies were expressed, purified, and analyzed in regards of epitope‐specificity and affinity to Bet v 1. Furthermore, cross‐reactivity to Bet v 1‐homologues from alder, hazel and apple, and their usefulness to inhibit IgE binding and allergen‐induced basophil activation were investigated. Results We isolated three nanobodies that recognize Bet v 1 with high affinity and cross‐react with Aln g 1 (alder) and Cor a 1 (hazel). Their epitopes were mapped to the alpha‐helix at the C‐terminus of Bet v 1. All nanobodies inhibited allergic patients' polyclonal IgE binding to Bet v 1, Aln g 1, and Cor a 1 and partially suppressed Bet v 1‐induced basophil activation. Conclusion We identified high‐affinity Bet v 1‐specific nanobodies that recognize an important IgE epitope and reduce allergen‐induced basophil activation revealing the first proof that allergen‐specific nanobodies are useful tools for future treatment of pollen allergy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of nanobodies with potential to reduce patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1

Zettl

Иванова

Strobl

et al. 2021

Allergy

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“…Specifically, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved the use of caplacizumab, which is a bivalent nanobody with efficiency in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [ 74 ]. Nanobodies have also proven their efficacy in the targeting of specific microbial strains, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa [ 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Microbial Targeting Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Therapies: An up-to-date Overview

et al. 2021

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Despite the many advancements in the pharmaceutical and medical fields and the development of numerous antimicrobial drugs aimed to suppress and destroy pathogenic microorganisms, infectious diseases still represent a major health threat affecting millions of lives daily. In addition to the limitations of antimicrobial drugs associated with low transportation rate, water solubility, oral bioavailability and stability, inefficient drug targeting, considerable toxicity, and limited patient compliance, the major cause for their inefficiency is the antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms. In this context, the risk of a pre-antibiotic era is a real possibility. For this reason, the research focus has shifted toward the discovery and development of novel and alternative antimicrobial agents that could overcome the challenges associated with conventional drugs. Nanotechnology is a possible alternative, as there is significant evidence of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials and nanoparticles in particular. Moreover, owing to their considerable advantages regarding their efficient cargo dissolving, entrapment, encapsulation, or surface attachment, the possibility of forming antimicrobial groups for specific targeting and destruction, biocompatibility and biodegradability, low toxicity, and synergistic therapy, polymeric nanoparticles have received considerable attention as potential antimicrobial drug delivery agents. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of the most recent studies investigating polymeric nanoparticles designed for antimicrobial therapies, describing both their targeting strategies and their effects.

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“…Currently, several Nbs produced by Ablynx (now Sanofi), are in different clinical trials and with Caplacizumab, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first sdAb-based medicine for adults in November 2018 and in February 2019, respectively (Morrison 2019 ; Jovčevska and Muyldermans 2020 ). Viral neutralizing sdAb has been described as valuable biomolecules, with high potentials, able to perturb different steps in the viral life cycle with many examples of viral neutralizing Nbs (De Vlieger et al 2019 ; Sroga et al 2020 ). These Nbs have been generated from an immune or synthetic phage display library against a wide range of target classes.…”

Section: Nbs As New Approach For the Prevention And Treatment Of Covimentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on therapeutic and diagnostic potential of camel nanobodies for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)

et al. 2021

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In this paper, we focus on the camelid nanobodies as a revolutionary therapy that can guide efforts to discover new drugs for Coronavirus disease . The small size property makes nanobodies capable of penetrating efficiently into tissues and recognizing cryptic antigens. Strong antigen affinity and stability in the gastrointestinal tract allow them to be used via oral administration. In fact, the use of nanobodies as inhalant can be directly delivered to the target organ, conferring high pulmonary drug concentrations and low systemic drug concentrations and minimal systemic side effects. For that, nanobodies are referred as a class of next-generation antibodies. Nanobodies permit the construction of multivalent formats that may achieve ultra-high neutralization potency and then may prevent mutational escape and can neutralize a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to their distinctive characteristics, nanobodies can be of great use in the development of promising treatment or preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, the state-of-the-art of camel nanobodies design strategies against the virus including SARS-CoV-2 are critically summarized. The application of general nanotechnology was also discussed to mitigate and control emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Nanobodies: A New Approach for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Infectious Diseases

Cited by 25 publications

References 85 publications

Isolation of nanobodies with potential to reduce patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1

Isolation of nanobodies with potential to reduce patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Therapies: An up-to-date Overview

Perspective on therapeutic and diagnostic potential of camel nanobodies for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)

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