Nanobody-Based Cancer Therapy of Solid Tumors

Abstract

The development of tumor-targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies has been successful during the last 30 years. Nevertheless, the efficacy of antibody-based therapy is still limited and further improvements are eagerly awaited. One of the promising novel developments that may overcome the drawbacks of monoclonal antibody-based therapies is the employment of nanobodies. Current nanobody-based therapeutics can be divided into three different platforms with nanobodies functioning as: receptor antagonists; targeting moieties of effector domains; or targeting molecules on the surface of nanoparticles. In this article, we describe factors that affect their performance at three different stages: their systemic circulation upon intravenous injection; their extravasation and tumor penetration; and, finally, their interaction with target molecules.

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

“…However, aggregation and low expression yields in hetero logous systems within their generation from conventional antibodies as well as decreased affinity and stability are the technical challenges upon their utilization. [487,502] Another limitation of antibody decorated nanoparticles is immunogenicity and purity concerns due to Fc fragment of antibodies which is responsible for the recognition of the protein by the MPS and the immune system. [462] In particular, such nanoparticles can be perceived as foreign proteins by the body which nullifies the action of active targeting by their effective clearance from the blood.…”

Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer

“…The encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in nanocarriers has gained substantial attention due to their structure, varied composition, and surface modifications [34]. The most common carriers for targeted drug delivery applications are nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and dendrimers.…”

“…The size of these carriers ranges from 10 to 150 nm, which ensures increased accumulation in the tumor with longer circulation time. Particle sizes of less than 10 nm would be promptly cleared by the kidneys, and sizes larger than 150 nm would risk recognition and elimination by the macrophage cells [34]. There are a number of advantages of encapsulating chemotherapeutics in nanocarriers, such as protection from degradation in the bloodstream, enhancement of drug stability, targeted drug delivery, decreased toxic side effects, and improved bioavailability of the drug [35,36].…”

Single Domain Antibodies and Bioengineering Drugs on Their Basis: New Opportunities for Diagnostics and Therapy

“…К ним относятся рецеп-торы фактора роста, такие как EGFR1 и EGFR2 (HER1 и HER2 соответственно), VEGFR2, C-Met и CXCR7 [72]. Наноантитела против рецепто-ра эпидермального фактора роста (EGFR) были разработаны Roovers и др.…”