Nanocatalytic Conversion of Waste Palm Oil Grade III and Poplar Plant’s Wood Sawdust into Fuel

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the pyrolysis oil production from Palm Oil Grade III (POG-III) and popular wood sawdust crude oil. Today, worldwide studies have been undertaken on the biomass usage and co-conversion of biomass and coal to seek out alternative fuels for supplying energy in an environmental friendly way. Substitute fuels have become more and more vital due to descending petroleum reserves, increasing economic circumstances and awareness of the increased environmental penalties of emissions from petroleumfuelled engines. In this study, biodiesel fuel was manufactured by the nanocatalytic to elucidate their thermal behaviour under pyrolysis conditions and to assess major decomposition products in terms of their yields. Transesterification of Palm Oil Grade III (POG-III) at 80°C temperature by using nano Co as nanocatalyst. The prepared biodiesel was characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS. Results revealed the presence of esters, alkanes, alkenes, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon chain in the range C 9 -C 27 . Prepared biodiesel is cost effective and highly efficient. Besides Palm oil popular wood sawdust crude oil was also used. All products were obtained at low temperature and at low atmospheric pressure.

Sustainable Superheated Water Hydrolysis of Black Soldier Fly Exuviae for Chitin Extraction and Use of the Obtained Chitosan in the Textile Field

“…Below 1500 cm −1 , several other signals ascribed to −CH 2 bending, −CH 3 bending, and C−O stretching were obtained. 43,44 The amount of chitin obtained in BSF exuvia was 20% on the dry exuviae weight, comparatively higher with respect to the amount found in the study by Smets et al in the larva, prepupa, and pupa of H. illucens, 40 respectively, of 3.85, 4.72, and 6.31%. Similarly, Wang et al determined a chitin content of 3.6, 3.1, 14.1, and 2.9% in the BSF larvae, prepupae, puparium, and adults, respectively.…”

“…The assignment of functional groups responsible for IR absorption is as follows: 2954 cm –1 (−CH 3 asymmetrical stretch), 2922 and 2853 cm –1 (symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching of −CH 2 ), 1743 cm –1 (−CO stretch), and the intense peaks located at 1713 cm –1 corresponding to carbonyl and is a characteristic of esters. Below 1500 cm –1 , several other signals ascribed to −CH 2 bending, −CH 3 bending, and C–O stretching were obtained. , …”

“…Below 1500 cm –1 , several other signals ascribed to −CH 2 bending, −CH 3 bending, and C–O stretching were obtained. 43 , 44 …”

Non-biodegradable polymeric waste pyrolysis for energy recovery

“…Finally, development of nano-engineered catalysts with superior characteristics regarding selectivity, activity, durability, as well as recoverability [89,90,91,92], hold huge possibilities which may contribute to solve the current issues in catalytic pyrolysis process [93,94]. Nanocatalysis is not new, though nanoscience and nanotechnology is considered the research area of the 21st century [95,96].…”

Exploring the prospective of weeds (Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L.) for biofuel production through nanocatalytic (Co, Ni) gasification

“…All the collected gaseous samples were characterized by GC–MS Hewlett-Packard [Palo Alto, A] 5890 series II gas chromatograph with Hewlett-Packard 5972 mass selective detector by following the procedure described previously [ 50 ]. Transesterification was performed according to the methodologies adopted by Mahmood et al [ 51 ]. The biochar was analyzed for organic matter content, total organic carbon content, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) by employing Multimeter (CRISON MM 40þ) by dissolving 1 g of biochar into 5 ml distilled water while shaking at 150 rpm for 30 min.…”