Nanocelluloses as Innovative Polymers in Research and Application

Klemm, Dieter; Schumann, D.; Krämer, Friederike; Heßler, Nadine; Hornung, Michael; Schmauder, H.‐P.; Marsch, Silvia

doi:10.1007/12_097

Cited by 430 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…However, considerable differences are mainly resulting from different production processes. BNC, for example, has-compared with NFC-a higher water retention capacity, a higher degree of polymerization, and more uniform fibres (fibre diameter BNC: 20-100 nm, NFC: 5-100 nm; [10,11]). An essential difference lies in the purity level of the nanocelluloses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Völkel

Ahn

Hähner³

et al. 2017

Herit Sci

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Historical papers are often locally damaged by exogenous influences and/or have endogenously degraded paper areas. The stabilization of such papers is very important because further use of the object can cause additional damage. Different types of nanocellulose are interesting as a novel stabilizing materials for paper due to their close structural relation to the paper matrix. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the treatment of historical papers with nanocellulose suspensions is a novel method for paper stabilization. Two different types of nanocelluloses, bacterial cellulose and a mechanically nanofibrillated cellulose based on wood pulp, were tested with regard to their performance in stabilizing fragile papers. Concerning material handling and application in conservation steps, different ways to modify the suspensions were tested. The resulting suspensions were applied to historical papers from several centuries with different extents of damage. The paper-nanocellulose composites were characterized with regard to their optical and microscopic integrity and by physical and chemical analyses. The treatment of mechanical damage and the consolidation of weakened paper areas could be realized by the application of a nanocellulose suspension without an additional adhesive. The results of the treatment depend on the type of nanocellulose, on the paper material, on processing and application techniques. The paper discusses the applicability and stability of the differently prepared nanocellulose suspensions, also with regard to their mode of application and long-term performance. Advantages and limitations are addressed in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Völkel

Ahn

Hähner³

et al. 2017

Herit Sci

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“…With regard to these biopolymers, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is nanosized cellulose fiber, has a number of fascinating characteristics, such as containing a large number of active hydroxyl groups on its surface, environmentally friendly nature, low cost, nanoscale dimension, and unique optical properties and utilities (de Souza Lima et al 2004;Beck-Candanedo et al 2005;Klemm et al 2005;Foo et al 2006;Klemm et al 2006;Thakur and Thakur 2014;Thakur and Voicu 2016). Recently, to explore multifunctional nanocellulose hybrid composites, many different nanocellulose-inorganic hybrid composite materials have been prepared for applications in various fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Wrapped Cotton Nanofiber Composite Catalysts

Zhang

Wan

et al. 2017

BioRes

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A novel TiO2-wrapped nanofiber composite catalyst, which possessed a unique porous structure and mixed crystalline phase, was prepared by the combination of superficial sol-gel and post-calcination processes. By means of the superficial sol-gel process, TiO2 layers were deposited on the surface of each nanofiber-like cellulose fiber, and then the TiO2-wrapped nanofiber composite catalysts were calcined at different temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere. With temperature increasing, the original cotton nanofiber composites were converted into porous carbon nanofiber catalysts wrapped by a TiO2 mixed crystalline phase, which was accompanied by a crystal transformation. The photocatalytic activity of the new catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results demonstrated that the new catalysts had good photocatalytic ability, and the TNC-700 catalyst showed a superior photocatalytic ability compared with the other catalysts; the new catalysts had a unique porous structure, high specific surface area, and mixed crystalline phase. Additionally, the synergistic photocatalytic effect of the TiO2 and activated carbon nanofiber resulted in the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water or air.

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“…From a structural point of view, BC hydrogel is a typical nonwoven bio-material. It consists of high-crystalline (70~80%, Klemm et al, 2006) long nanofibres that are randomly distributed in its radial-transverse plane (FIG. 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-dependent rheological behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogel

Gao

Shi

Kuśmierczyk

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Present work focuses on time-dependent rheological behaviour of bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel. Due to its ideal biocompatibility, BC hydrogel could be employed in biomedical applications. Considering the complexity of loading conditions in human body environment, time-dependent behaviour under relevant conditions should be understood. BC specimens are produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53582 at static-culture conditions. Time-dependent behaviour of specimens at several stress levels is experimentally determined by uniaxial tensile creep tests. We use fraction-exponential operators to model the rheological behaviour. Such a representation allows combination of good accuracy in analytical description of viscoelastic behaviour of real materials and simplicity in solving boundary value problems. The obtained material parameters allow us to identify time-dependent behaviour of BC hydrogel at high stress level with sufficient accuracy.

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Nanocelluloses as Innovative Polymers in Research and Application

Cited by 430 publications

References 94 publications

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Wrapped Cotton Nanofiber Composite Catalysts

Time-dependent rheological behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogel

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