Nanocoating of Titanium Implant Surfaces with Organic Molecules. Polysaccharides Including Glycosaminoglycans

Abstract

Long-term stability of titanium implants are dependent on a variety of factors. Nanocoating with organic molecules is one of the method used to improve osseointegration. Nanoscale modification of titanium implants affects surface properties, such as hydrophilicity, biochemical bonding capacity and roughness. This influences cell behaviour on the surface such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells as well as the mineralization of the extracellular matrix at the implant surfaces. The aim of the present systematic review was to describe organic molecules used for surface nanocoating with focus on polysaccharides including glycosaminoglycans, and how these molecules change surface properties, cell reactions and affect on osseointegartion. The included in vitro studies demonstrated increased cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization of a number of the tested polysaccharide nanocoatings. The included in vivo studies, showed improvement of bone interface reactions measured as increased Bone-to-Implant Contact length and Bone Mineral Density adjacent to the polysaccharide coated surfaces. Based on existing literature, surface modification with polysaccharide and glycosaminoglycans appears to be an effective way to stimulate bone regeneration on bone-implant interface.

Plant-derived pectin nanocoatings to prevent inflammatory cellular response of osteoblasts following <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> infection

“…Well-established methods for controlling RG-Is' structure modification open new possibilities for using these plantderived molecules as biomaterials to improve the biocompatibility of medical devices. 14,17 Pectins are analogs to human carbohydrates from extracellular matrix (ECM), providing bio-specific cell adhesion and initiating bone cells activities. 17 The osteoblast activity is essential for development, maturation, and repair of the bone.…”

“…14,17 Pectins are analogs to human carbohydrates from extracellular matrix (ECM), providing bio-specific cell adhesion and initiating bone cells activities. 17 The osteoblast activity is essential for development, maturation, and repair of the bone. Osteoblastic cells differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells.…”

“…Mature osteoblasts are capable of producing ECM through osteoid and mineralizing with Ca 2+ . 11,17 The hypothesis is that pectin RG-I with a high amount of galactose (Gal RG-I) enhances osteoblasts spreading and growth on the surface of coated biomaterials, therefore stimulates bone healing. Our previous in vitro studies showed that pectin nanocoating with RG-Is having high content of galactose and low content of arabinose increased mineralized matrix formation of osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2).…”

Nanocoating with plant-derived pectins activates osteoblast response in vitro

“…Surface modification at the nanolevel has been reported in a number of studies to play a crucial role in osseointegration. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] A new strategy to improve osseointegration is biochemical stimulation by developing surface nanocoating, which is able to increase adhesion of bone cells, bone matrix formation, and mineralization at the implant surface.…”

“…4 Plant-derived pectins have been proposed as potential candidates for surface nanocoating of medical devices due to their effect on bone cells and the possibility of controlling their structure. [13][14][15] The effect on bone cells has been explained by a direct adhesion of cells to pectins and indirectly through proteins binding to the pectins (Figure 1).…”