“…Recently, the use of additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing), which is a set of manufacturing techniques based on the deposition of material layer by layer for the building of a 3D object, has been utilised to great effect for this purpose (Domsta and Seidlitz, 2021). Previously, 3D printing has been explored for the design and manufacture of many drug delivery systems including suppositories (Seoane-Viaño et al, 2021) and oral tablets (Awad et al, 2020;Lopez-Vidal et al, 2022;Melocchi et al, 2020;Pandey et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2018). However, it has shown particular promise in the development of implantable medical devices, such as wound dressings (Teoh et al, 2021), surgical meshes (Domínguez-Robles et al, 2020;Farmer et al, 2021Farmer et al, , 2020, cardiovascular grafts (Domínguez-Robles et al, 2022, 2021b,2021aKabirian et al, 2018;Martin et al, 2021;Melchiorri et al, 2016) and subcutaneous implants (Korelidou et al, 2022;Liaskoni et al, 2021;Ruiz-Cantu et al, 2022;Stewart et al, 2020a;Stewart et al, 2020b).…”