Nanocrystalline Rutile TiO[sub 2] Electrode for High-Capacity and High-Rate Lithium Storage

Jiang, Chunhai; Honma, Itaru; Kudo, Tetsuichi; Zhou, Huiqun

doi:10.1149/1.2712041

Cited by 149 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…7,8 Recently both anatase and rutile TiO 2 have also been studied as an intercalation host in lithium-ion batteries. [9][10][11][12] As lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more popular and in use daily, the traditional anode of graphite in lithiumion batteries is now facing a big challenge to its service as the safety issues incurred during its cycling are becoming more and more serious. The potential for lithium intercalation into anode graphite is close to that of the Li + /Li redox couple, leading to the possibility of lithium plating during charge which may cause an explosion if exposed to air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

Liu¹,

Xiao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Anatase titania nanotube arrays were fabricated by means of anodization and annealed at 300, 400, and 500°C in N 2 . Lithium-ion intercalation measurements revealed that annealing in nitrogen resulted in much enhanced lithium-ion insertion capacity and improved cyclic stability. TiO 2 nanotube arrays annealed at 300°C exhibited the best lithium-ion intercalation property with an initial high discharge capacity up to 240 mA · h/g at a high current density of 320 mA/g. The excellent discharge capacity at a high charge/discharge rate could be attributed to the large surface area of the nanotube arrays and a short facile diffusion path for lithium-ion intercalation as well as improved electrical conductivity. As the annealing temperature increased, the discharge capacity decreased, but the cyclic stability improved; 400°C annealed TiO 2 nanotube arrays possessed an initial discharge capacity of 163 mA · h/g and retained 145 mA · h/g at the 50th cycle. The relationship between the annealing conditions, microstructure, and lithium-ion intercalation properties of TiO 2 nanotube arrays was discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

Liu¹,

Xiao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…313 Similar improvements of the capacity, charge/discharge rate and cycling stability by the smaller size on the nanometer scale have also been reported for anatase and brookite TiO 2 as the electrode materials. [314][315][316] On the other hand, Olivine LiFePO 4 has been considered a promising cathode material for large scale lithium-ion batteries used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs). 283,288,292,[317][318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327] The material has low toxicity, potential for low cost, long cycle ability and high safety.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage

et al. 2012

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Over the past decades, there have been many projections on the future depletion of the fossil fuel reserves on earth as well as the rapid increase in green-house gas emissions. There is clearly an urgent need for the development of renewable energy technologies. On a different frontier, growth and manipulation of materials on the nanometer scale have progressed at a fast pace. Selected recent and significant advances in the development of nanomaterials for renewable energy applications are reviewed here, and special emphases are given to the studies of solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production, electricity generation with dye-sensitized solar cells, solidstate hydrogen storage, and electric energy storage with lithium ion rechargeable batteries.

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“…[7][8][9] However, recently many groups have shown that, in nanometer-sized particles of rutile TiO 2 , one Li/TiO 2 can be inserted at room temperature. [10][11][12][13] More recently, we demonstrated lithium insertion into nanocrystalline brookite TiO 2 ; 14 0.9 Li/TiO 2 can be inserted into 10 nm sized particles of brookite, and we found that the structure is stable for reversible lithium insertion. Subsequently, Lee et al have also observed that it is possible to insert Li into nanophase brookite TiO 2 at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 76%

Crystallite Size Constraints on Lithium Insertion into Brookite TiO[sub 2]

Reddy

Pralong

Varadaraju

2008

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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We demonstrate lithium insertion into brookite TiO 2 in the nanophase regime. The extent of lithium insertion is significantly influenced by the crystallite size. A maximum of 0.95 Li/TiO 2 can be inserted into 10 nm size crystallites and the extent of lithium insertion is low ͑0.23 Li͒ in 33 nm crystallites. The reversibility decreases with an increase in crystallite size. The contrasting behavior of brookite and rutile TiO 2 suggests that the structural features of brookite TiO 2 may play an important role in determining Li insertion behavior. © 2008 The Electrochemical Society. ͓DOI: 10.1149/1.2931973͔ All rights reserved. Titanium-based oxides are assuming increasing importance as potential replacements for carbon-based negative electrode materials in high energy density Li-ion batteries.1-3 Numerous titanium-based oxides are studied for lithium insertion. Among these, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 with spinel structure and various polymorphs of TiO 2 are extensively studied. [4][5][6] Even though Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is an excellent host material for reversible Li insertion/extraction, the theoretical specific capacity is limited to 175 mAh g −1 . The theoretical specific capacity of TiO 2 is 335 mAh g −1 , which is almost twice that of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . The common polymorphs of TiO 2 are anatase, rutile, brookite, and bronze. Lithium insertion is well understood in the case of anatase and bronze polymorphs. 5,6 However, lithium insertion into the common polymorphs, rutile and brookite, was not well known until very recently, when a high Li electroactivity was reported in nanometersized rutile and brookite TiO 2 at room temperature. Previous studies on rutile TiO 2 showed that only 0.03-0.3 Li/TiO 2 can be inserted at room temperature and 1 Li/TiO 2 can be inserted at 120°C.7-9 However, recently many groups have shown that, in nanometer-sized particles of rutile TiO 2 , one Li/TiO 2 can be inserted at room temperature. [10][11][12][13] More recently, we demonstrated lithium insertion into nanocrystalline brookite TiO 2 ; 14 0.9 Li/TiO 2 can be inserted into 10 nm sized particles of brookite, and we found that the structure is stable for reversible lithium insertion. Subsequently, Lee et al. have also observed that it is possible to insert Li into nanophase brookite TiO 2 at room temperature. 15 However, no information is available regarding the effect of crystallite size on Li insertion into brookite TiO 2 . This prompted us to investigate the effect of crystallite size on the lithium insertion into brookite TiO 2 . In the present work, we synthesized brookite TiO 2 with various crystallite sizes and studied Li insertion at room temperature. We find that the crystallite size has a remarkable effect on lithium insertion into this polymorph. ExperimentalBrookite TiO 2 was prepared by thermolysis of TiCl 4 at 100°C in 3 M HCl solution. The details of the synthesis of nanocrystalline brookite TiO 2 are described elsewhere.14,16 The resulting sample was dried at 100°C for 4 h, henceforth referred to as the "assynthesized" sample. To ...

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Nanocrystalline Rutile TiO[sub 2] Electrode for High-Capacity and High-Rate Lithium Storage

Cited by 149 publications

References 14 publications

TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage

Crystallite Size Constraints on Lithium Insertion into Brookite TiO[sub 2]

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Nanocrystalline Rutile TiO[sub 2] Electrode for High-Capacity and High-Rate Lithium Storage

Cited by 149 publications

References 14 publications

TiO2Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N2for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

TiO2Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N2for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage

Crystallite Size Constraints on Lithium Insertion into Brookite TiO[sub 2]

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TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation