Nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123 associated with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of dermatophytosis

Galinari, Camila Barros; Conrado, Pollyanna Cristina Vincenzi; Arita, Gláucia Sayuri; Mosca, Valéria Aparecida Baquetti; Melo, Raquel Cabral; Bianchi, Tiago de Paula; Faria, Daniella Renata; Sakita, Karina Mayumi; Malacarne, L. C.; Gonçalves, Renato Sonchini; Pereira, Paulo Cesar de Souza; Tominaga, Tânia Toyomi; Caetano, Wilker; Souza, Monique de; Palacios, Raquel; Baesso, Mauro Luciano; Svidzinski, Terezinha Inez Estivalet; Cotica, Érika Seki Kioshima; Mendonca, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112103

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On the other hand, despite not having high mortality rates such as pulmonary aspergillosis and candidemia, dermatophytosis can cause visible damage in infectious sites, impacting the patient's psychological health and self-esteem and, consequently, promoting a high degree of morbidity and social isolation. [44] The higher incidence of this disease can be attributed to environmental conditions which range from climatic aspects to the activity performed and the personal hygiene practiced by the patient. [45] Among the fungal species that cause dermatophytosis, one of the most prominent is Trichophyton rubrum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils Derived from the Genus Cymbopogon: A Systematic Review

Butzge,

Pivotto,

Mezzomo

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Essential oils (EOs) are products of secondary metabolism with recognized organoleptic characteristics and biological properties. Recently, there has been a growing demand for EOs in the national and international market, mainly due to the recognition of their use as complementary medicine practices, and the increased use in the industries of pharmaceutics, cosmetics, well‐being, veterinary and agroecology, boosting the productive sector. In this context, EOs from grasses of the Cymbopogon (Poaceae) are promising sources of bioactive compounds, due to their recognized biological properties, such as anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, repellent, and larvicide. Thus, the present study aims to carry out a review of the scientific literature of the main works related to the evaluation of the antifungal action of essential oils extracted from plants of the Cymbopogon genus, compiling the species that showed the best results and relating them to their main chemical constituents. This review covers the following species: C. citratus, C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martinii, C. nardus, C. giganteus, C. schoenanthus, C. khasans, and C. proximus. Among them, C. citratus was the most assessed, being associated with the vast majority of studies (61.9%), and it was also the species that showed the best results in terms of MIC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils Derived from the Genus Cymbopogon: A Systematic Review

Butzge,

Pivotto,

Mezzomo

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…New PSs seem to be promising to treat tinea capitis and tinea corporis such as nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123; this PS has shown in solve cutaneous infections caused by M. canis in animal after only 3 sessions (Galinari et al, 2021).…”

Section: Apdt Target: Cutaneous Infections Caused By Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for dermatological infections: current insights and future prospects

Almenara-Blasco,

Pérez-Laguna,

Navarro-Bielsa

et al. 2024

Front. Photobiol.

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Introduction:Light-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) shows promise against a wide range of microorganisms, including drug-resistant strains, with low resistance development likelihood. However, its limitations include the need for light exposure, suitability for local infections, and limited industry interest. Relevant studies on aPDT for various infections are discussed.Methods:We conducted an extensive literature review on aPDT encompassing articles published from the year 2000 to the current date. To compile comprehensive data, multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for relevant studies in both English and Spanish languages. The search strategy involved a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and free-text terms. The terms included variations and combinations of “Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy,” “aPDT,” “photodynamic inactivation,” “microbial photoinactivation,” among others. To ensure the reliability and quality of the information gathered, articles were screened based on relevance to aPDT in antimicrobial therapy, methodological rigor, and alignment with the objectives of this review.Results:aPDT shows promise in treating various cutaneous infections. It effectively targets fungal infections, including caused by dermatophytes and Malassezia spp., with notable results against dermatophytosis and tinea capitis. New photosensitizers, like nanoencapsulated hypericin, hold potential for treating these infections. In onychomycosis, aminolevulinic acid-aPDT or methylene blue-aPDT offers an alternative to conventional therapies, showing cure rates as high as 90%. For bacterial infections, it presents a solution against antibiotic-resistant strains and infected ulcers, with potential benefits for wound healing. Regarding viral infections, it indirectly targets viruses by impacting host cells’ metabolism, showing efficacy against human papillomavirus and herpes viruses. Lastly, aPDT demonstrates success in treating parasitic infections, particularly leishmaniasis, with cure rates of up to 100%.Discussion:aPDT is increasingly used in dermatological infections, showing efficacy against various microorganisms and stimulating wound healing. It can combat resistant strains and mixed infections, especially in chronic wounds. Combining photodynamic therapy with antimicrobials is a promising strategy to address antimicrobial resistance, but there are practical limitations. Further research is needed for home-based protocols, portable devices, and adapting photosensitizers, as aPDT holds potential as an alternative treatment for recalcitrant infections and immunosuppressed patients, though challenges remain in application.

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“…Studies have reported Hyp could be used as a promising treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. albicans (de Araújo et al, 2021; Sato et al, 2022). It was indicated that Hyp‐induced PDT is safe for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by M. canis since it did not show skin nor biochemical alteration in vivo, which appears to be a feasible approach for tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by M. canis (Galinari et al, 2021). When against pathogenic fungi and spoilage yeasts, the MIC of Hyp ranged from 0.18 to 46.9 μg/mL (Sytar et al, 2016).…”

Section: Pharmacological Effects Of Hypericinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypericin as a promising natural bioactive naphthodianthrone: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety

Peng,

Lu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Phytotherapy Research

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Hypericin can be derived from St. John's wort, which is widely spread around the world. As a natural product, it has been put into clinical practice such as wound healing and depression for a long time. In this article, we review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety of hypericin, aiming to introduce the research advances and provide a full evaluation of it. Turns out hypericin, as a natural photosensitizer, exhibits an excellent capacity for anticancer, neuroprotection, and elimination of microorganisms, especially when activated by light, potent anticancer and antimicrobial effects are obtained after photodynamic therapy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic effects involve the induction of cell death, inhibition of cell cycle progression, inhibition of the reuptake of amines, and inhibition of virus replication. The pharmacokinetics properties indicate that hypericin has poor water solubility and bioavailability. The distribution and excretion are fast, and it is metabolized in bile. The toxicity of hypericin is rarely reported and the conventional use of it rarely causes adverse effects except for photosensitization. Therefore, we may conclude that hypericin can be used safely and effectively against a variety of diseases. We hope to provide researchers with detailed guidance and enlighten the development of it.

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Nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123 associated with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of dermatophytosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils Derived from the Genus Cymbopogon: A Systematic Review

Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils Derived from the Genus Cymbopogon: A Systematic Review

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for dermatological infections: current insights and future prospects

Hypericin as a promising natural bioactive naphthodianthrone: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety

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