Nanofibrillar Polymer‐<scp>P</scp>olymer Composites: Effect of Reinforcement Orientation on the Mechanical Properties

McCardle, Ryan; Fakirov, S.; Bhattacharyya, Debes

doi:10.1002/masy.201350507

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is fortunate that in situ nanofibrillation has been realized in various blend systems or single-polymer composites. − However, we provide first observations for the formation of unique PBS nanofibrils. Generally, some specific blend systems constituting a matrix component with a low processing temperature and a fibrous component offering high strength and modulus are employed to fabricate in situ fibrillar composites. ,, The present attempts fail to provide an available inroad to introduce nanofibrillar phase into the strong but brittle matrix like our proposal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Unprecedented Access to Strong and Ductile Poly(lactic acid) by Introducing In Situ Nanofibrillar Poly(butylene succinate) for Green Packaging

et al. 2014

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The notion of toughening poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by adding flexible biopolymers has generated enormous interest but has yielded few desirable advances, mainly blocked by the sacrifice of strength and stiffness due to uncontrollable phase morphology and poor interfacial interactions. Here the phase control methodology, that is, intense extrusion compounding followed by "slit die extrusion-hot stretching-quenching" technique, was proposed to construct well-aligned, stiff poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) nanofibrils in the PLA matrix for the first time. We show that generating nanosized discrete droplets of PBS phase during extrusion compounding is key to enable the development of in situ nanofibrillar PBS assisted by the shearing/stretching field. The size of PBS nanofibrils strongly dependent on the PBS content, showing an increased average diameter from 83 to 116 and 236 nm for the composites containing 10, 20, and 40 wt % nanofibrils, respectively. More importantly, hybrid shish-kebab superstructure anchoring ordered PLA kebabs were induced by the PBS nanofibrils serving as the central shish, conferring the creation of tenacious interfacial crystalline ligaments. The exceptional combination of strength, modulus, and ductility for the composites loaded 40 wt % PBS nanofibrils were demonstrated, outperforming pure PLA with the increments of 31, 51, and 72% in strength, modulus, and elongation at break (56.4 MPa, 1702 MPa, and 92.4%), respectively. The high strength, modulus, and ductility are unprecedented for PLA and are in great potential need for packaging applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Unprecedented Access to Strong and Ductile Poly(lactic acid) by Introducing In Situ Nanofibrillar Poly(butylene succinate) for Green Packaging

et al. 2014

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“…McCardle and co-workers [151,152] have investigated the orientation of the fibrils on the mechanical properties. They have reported achievement of the highest values for the mechanical properties in the case of uniaxially oriented MFCs, but in crossply MFCs, significant improvements were detected as well.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

2020

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biomedical products. [3] However, the key to developing new materials does not only lie in the polymer synthesis itself but also in the modification of available polymers. The most frequent modification method is melt blending of different polymers because it is considered an easy way of making new materials with outstanding properties, such as toughness, stiffness, and chemical and thermal resistance. A number of comprehensive studies on polymer blending [4-13] have pointed out the importance of the microstructure of the blends and its relationship with physical and mechanical properties. [14-16] Moreover, what happens during the processing of the blends is important as the flow and viscosity of the polymers may affect the final blends' properties. [7,17] The morphology strongly depends on mixing methods, and the size and shape of the dispersed component are crucial for obtaining good mechanical performances. [18] On the one hand, polymer blends may meet some limitations in obtaining optimal physical and mechanical properties due to the interfacial separation that will occur as a result of the immiscibility of two or more components. [5,7-9,19-22] Therefore, it is necessary to control the morphology of the immiscible blend, like the size and shape of the dispersed component. [4,10] On the other hand, the blend with well-dispersed particles may increase the impact strength of the matrix, [18] while blends with sheet-shaped dispersions may improve barrier properties [23] and those with fibers can improve the unidirectional strength. [18] Still, the improvement of any given property will strongly depend on the rigidity of the dispersed component, as there is a huge difference in the reinforcement effect of rigid and elastomeric particles. [11,15,24,25] By varying the composition, and the viscosity and elasticity ratio of the components used in blending, the phase morphology can be optimized. [4,7,10,26] However, to overcome the problem of immiscibility, different fillers or compatibilizers are frequently used to promote the interfacial adhesion between the polymeric constituents. [11,27-35] The purpose of incorporation of compatibilizers into polymer mixtures is to reduce the particle size and hinder the coalescence effect, to improve the dispersion and distribution of the minor component and to increase the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed component. In fact, the compatibilizer reduces the interfacial energy and facilitates the stress transfer across the matrix-particle interface. [11,27,29,34-36] The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the ma...

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“…[20] It should be mentioned that in these [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and other similar studies, highly oriented textile filaments or strips have been used as starting materials for manufacturing of SPCs. Only very recently [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] has it been demonstrated that for the same purpose polymer-based microfibrils (diameters of one or a couple of mm) or nanofibrils (diameters between 50 and 250 nm) could be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main goal of this study is applying the experience gained in developing the MFCs [1] and SPCs [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] to isolate microfibrils of poly(butylene terephthalate) loaded with MWCNTs from a blend and to use them to prepare MF-SPCs. These SPCs are characterized mechanically and electrically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Polymer Composites of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Microfibrils Loaded with Carbon Nanotubes Exhibiting Electrical Conductivity and Improved Mechanical Properties

Fakirov

Rahman

Pötschke³

et al. 2013

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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Applying the concept of microfibrillar composites, microfibrils of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) loaded with 5 wt% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes are prepared by extraction of polypropylene (PP) from drawn PP/PBT blends and shaped into single polymer composites (SPCs). SPCs show superior mechanical performance with up to 300–600% improvement in modulus and tensile strength as compared to neat isotropic PBT. In addition, the microfibrillar SPCs (MF‐SPCs), as well as the single microfibrils, have electrical volume conductivity of 8 × 10−3 S cm−1 demonstrating electrical conductive behavior.

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Nanofibrillar Polymer‐Polymer Composites: Effect of Reinforcement Orientation on the Mechanical Properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Unprecedented Access to Strong and Ductile Poly(lactic acid) by Introducing In Situ Nanofibrillar Poly(butylene succinate) for Green Packaging

Unprecedented Access to Strong and Ductile Poly(lactic acid) by Introducing In Situ Nanofibrillar Poly(butylene succinate) for Green Packaging

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

Single Polymer Composites of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Microfibrils Loaded with Carbon Nanotubes Exhibiting Electrical Conductivity and Improved Mechanical Properties

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