Nanoflora — How Nanotechnology Enhanced the Use of Active Phytochemicals

Odeh, Fadwa; Al‐Jaber, Hala I.; Khater, Dima

doi:10.5772/58704

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In summary, the factors that contribute to the successful nanotechnology-based phytochemicals delivery are improved solubility and bioavailability, less toxicity and side effects of phytochemicals, and enhanced biocompatibility. Future research efforts should focus on the development of new technologies for nanotoxicology, generation of the bases of nanobiomonitoring, and recognition of biological impacts of nanoparticles in the environment [ 139 ]. Based on these scenarios, it is an undeniable fact that the incorporation of phytochemicals and nanotechnology will be a new frontier in biomedicine field.…”

Section: Future Prospects Of Nanotechnological Approach Of Phytocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals and Biogenic Metallic Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agents

Rao

Nallappan

Madhavi

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

144

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Several classes of drugs are available to treat different types of cancer. Currently, researchers are paying significant attention to the development of drugs at the nanoscale level to increase their target specificity and to reduce their concentrations. Nanotechnology is a promising and growing field with multiple subdisciplines, such as nanostructures, nanomaterials, and nanoparticles. These materials have gained prominence in science due to their size, shape, and potential efficacy. Nanomedicine is an important field involving the use of various types of nanoparticles to treat cancer and cancerous cells. Synthesis of nanoparticles targeting biological pathways has become tremendously prominent due to the higher efficacy and fewer side effects of nanodrugs compared to other commercial cancer drugs. In this review, different medicinal plants and their active compounds, as well as green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles from medicinal plants, are discussed in relation to their anticancer activities.

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Section: Future Prospects Of Nanotechnological Approach Of Phytocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals and Biogenic Metallic Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agents

Rao

Nallappan

Madhavi

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

144

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“…The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of different natural lipids against CJ have been reported, as observed for oregano and cinnamon essential oils ( Clemente et al., 2020 ; Yu et al., 2020 ). However, despite these combined therapeutic properties, the clinical use of vegetable lipids—mainly the essential oils—are prevented, due to its physicochemical instability, insolubility, high toxicity, volatility, and photosensitivity ( Odeh et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers From Natural Lipids With In Vitro Activity Against Campylobacter jejuni

Ribeiro

Paula

Rossi

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) is the most prevalent zoonotic pathogen of chicken meat and related products, which may lead to gastroenteritis and autoimmune diseases in humans. Although controlling this bacterium is important, CJ strains resistance against traditional antibiotic therapy has been increased. Vegetable oils and fats are natural biomaterials explored since the Ancient times, due to their therapeutic properties. Nanotechnology has promoted the miniaturization of materials, improving bioavailability and efficacy, while reducing the toxicity of loaded active molecules. In this work, a screening of 28 vegetable oils was firstly performed, in order to select anti-CJ candidates by the disc diffusion test. Thus, the selected liquid lipids were used as active molecules in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) formulations. The three resultant systems were characterized in terms of particle size (~200 nm), polydispersity index (~0.15), and zeta potential (~-35mV), and its physicochemical stability was confirmed for a year, at 25°C. The structural properties of NLC were assessed by infrared (FTIR-ATR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The spherical nanoparticle morphology and narrow size distribution was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron (FE-SEM) analyses, respectively. Then, the in vitro antimicrobial activity test determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each formulation against CJ strains, in both free (1–3 mg/ml−1) and sessile (0.78 mg/ml−1) forms. Finally, the in vitro biocompatibility of NLC was demonstrated through cell viability using VERO cell line, in which F6 was found twice less cytotoxic than pure olibanum oil. Considering the abovementioned achieved, F6 formulation is able to be evaluated in the in vivo anti-CJ efficacy assays.

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“…[32] Structurally, polyphenols are aromatic rings with hydroxyl group substituents that are naturally found in plants and foods with over 8,000 compounds identified. [32][33] As previously mentioned, Aβ can self-aggregate in various ways and into various sized oligomers, changing in size and structure quickly. [25][26][27][28][29] Although the exact mechanism is unknown, a general classification of polyphenols based on how they act on the aggregation of Aβ can be made.…”

Section: Polyphenols and Aβmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three classifications are those that prevent the formation of fibrils, those that prevent the extension of fibrils, and those that can destabilize pre-formed fibrils. [33,35]…”

Section: Polyphenols and Aβmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flavonoid group is the largest polyphenol group, with over 6,000 flavonoids identified, and has sparked research in many areas. [32][33]36] All flavonoids have a similar (C6-C3-C6) structure with two aromatic rings bound by a 3-carbon formed oxygenated heterocycle which makes up a third ring, and differ mainly in the substituents on the rings. [37] Stilbenes have a similar structure to flavonoids except for one less carbon that prevents the third ring from forming (i.e., C6-C2-C6).…”

Section: Structural Differences (Hydrophobicity Vs Antioxidant Potency)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic investigation of the effect of polyphenolic compounds on the amyloid-[beta] protein

Hagenhoff¹

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Aggregation of the amyloid-[beta] (A[beta]) protein is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. A[beta] is a 39-43 residue cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). A[beta] aggregates to produce insoluble plaques in the brain, which are composed of cross [beta]-sheet structured fibrils. Various polyphenolic compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been shown to interfere with A[beta] aggregation. To evaluate the ability of specific polyphenols to prevent A[beta] aggregation, this investigation utilized nordihydroguaiaretic acid, curcumin, rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, piceatannol, and diethylstilbestrol. These polyphenols differ in the number of ring substituents and the atom linker between the rings. The interaction of A[beta] with the polyphenolic compounds was analyzed using circular dichroism (CD) and deep ultraviolet resonance Raman (dUVRR) spectroscopies. The polyphenols diethylstilbestrol, resveratrol, and piceatannol have increasing numbers of hydroxyl substituents on their rings, having two, three, and four respectively. It was found that with increasing number of hydroxyl ring substituents, the protein remained predominantly disordered and prevented formation of [beta]-structure in the protein and aided in the destabilization of pre-formed A[beta] fibrils. Decreasing the number of hydroxyl substituents increases the likelihood of [beta]-sheet formation, prevented destabilization of pre-formed A[beta] fibrils, and induced loss of stability of the protein. The polyphenols nordihydroguaiaretic acid, curcumin, and rosmarinic acid have increasing polarity respectively in the chain linker between the phenolic rings. Each of these polyphenols have four ring substituents and have four to six atoms in their chain linker. It was found that with increasing the polarity of the linker, the protein had a greater tendency to form a [beta]-structure, however pre-formed A[beta] fibrils were destabilized efficiently by all three polyphenols. Though a nonpolar chain linker pushed fibrillar protein toward a more disordered structure initially, the final state was similar regardless of added polyphenol.

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Nanoflora — How Nanotechnology Enhanced the Use of Active Phytochemicals

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Phytochemicals and Biogenic Metallic Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agents

Phytochemicals and Biogenic Metallic Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agents

Nanocarriers From Natural Lipids With In Vitro Activity Against Campylobacter jejuni

Spectroscopic investigation of the effect of polyphenolic compounds on the amyloid-[beta] protein

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