Nanofomulation of zinc oxide and chitosan zinc sustain oxidative stress and alter secondary metabolite profile in tobacco

Abstract

Advancement in nanotechnology has improved ways for large-scale production and characterization of nanoparticles of physiologically important metals. The current study explores the impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and Chitosan-Zinc oxide nano-bioformulation (CH-ZnO) in tissue culture raised callus of Nicotiana benthamiana. Results indicated augmented biomass in CH-ZnO treated callus, while a reduced biomass was observed in ZnO-NP treated callus, at all the concentrations tested. Higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content were recorded in callus treated with 800 ppm CH-ZnO as compared to ZnO-NP treated callus. A higher accumulation of proline was observed in CH-ZnO treated callus when compared to ZnO-NP treatment, which was significantly higher at 50, 200 and 400 ppm CH-ZnO treatment. A maximum reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was recorded at 800 ppm, for both the nano-formulations tested. Likewise, a significant reduction in the H 2 O 2 levels was observed in all the treatments, while the callus treated with 400 ppm ZnO-NP and 800 ppm CH-ZnO recorded the highest reduction. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL), activity increased significantly in callus treated with 400 ppm concentration for both ZnO-NP and CH-ZnO with respect to control. An increased level of tannin and nicotine were recorded in callus supplemented with 50, 200 and 400 ppm CH-ZnO. Notably, a significant decline of 94 and 52% in tannin content and 25 and 50% in nicotine content was recorded in the callus treated with 800 ppm CH-ZnO and ZnO-NP, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that an optimized dosage of these nano-bioformulations could be utilized to regulate the nicotine content and stress tolerance level.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles improve lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plant tolerance to cadmium by stimulating antioxidant defense, enhancing lignin content and reducing the metal accumulation and translocation

“…The activity of the PAL was determined using the method described by Patel et al. ( Patel et al., 2020 ) with modifications.…”

“…Lettuce sample preparation and LC-MS analysis of phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) components were carried out according to the method described by Jin et al (Jin et al, 2021). The activity of the PAL was determined using the method described by Patel et al (Patel et al, 2020) with modifications.…”

There Is Plenty of Room in Plant Science: Nanobiotechnology as an Emerging Area Applied to Somatic Embryogenesis

“…These antioxidant compounds greatly interest the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. Thus, studies were developed with the application of Zn and ZnO NPs, chitosan–ZnO NPs, Ag NPs, Cu and CuO NPs, Ti and TiO 2 NPs, SiO 2 NPs, Fe NPs, magnalite NPs, perlite NPs, SeO NPs, MgO NPs, as well as combinations of different NPs, such as TiO 2 /perlite NPs, Ag and Cu NPs, HA (humic acid) and ZnO NPs, and biosynthesized FeZnO NPs, which were tested in callus of different plants, with increased antioxidant activity of CEs, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and some catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, in addition to the increase in total proteins and amino acids and soluble sugar. , …”

“…Thus, studies were developed with the application of Zn and ZnO NPs, chitosan− ZnO NPs, Ag NPs, Cu and CuO NPs, Ti and TiO 2 NPs, SiO 2 NPs, Fe NPs, magnalite NPs, perlite NPs, SeO NPs, MgO NPs, as well as combinations of different NPs, such as TiO 2 / perlite NPs, Ag and Cu NPs, HA (humic acid) and ZnO NPs, and biosynthesized FeZnO NPs, which were tested in callus of different plants, with increased antioxidant activity of CEs, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and some catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, in addition to the increase in total proteins and amino acids and soluble sugar. 11,12 However, the applied concentration of NP remains the biggest challenge in these studies because low concentrations may not change the profile of secondary metabolites and high concentrations may toxicologically affect the callus. Studies that compare more than one NP in a given callus of a specific plant and different concentrations can report not only the optimal concentration for callus growth, antioxidant activity, and production of secondary metabolites, as well as an antimicrobial activity but also compare whether a NP is more effective than another, under the same conditions of the study.…”

“…Table S1 of the Support Information shows recent studies (last 3 years) on the application of different NPs in calluses of different plant cultures, the purpose of the application, the NP concentration applied, and the size. Most studies showed positive effects on callus growth, somatic embryogenesis, and plant micropropagation with the application of NPs, with some exceptions, because the benefits of adding NPs to the callus culture media are dose-dependent. − …”