A novel three-dimensional homogeneous NiCo 2 O 4 core/shell nanowire arrays were first fabricated via a facile synthesis strategy on nickel foam as advanced binder-free electrodes. The structure and morphology of the as-synthesized samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This novel NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo 2 O 4 core/shell nanowire arrays exhibited superior electrochemical performances, including high specific capacitance of 2041 F g −1 at current density of 5 mA cm −2 , excellent rate performance with a capacitance retention of 88% as the current density increases from 5 to 50 mA cm −2 and good long-term cyclic stability. These outstanding electrochemical characteristics are mainly attributed to the superstructure, which provides a large number of electroactive sites for redox reaction, shortens the ion diffusion paths and enhances the morphological stability in the electrochemical process. Electrochemical supercapacitors (ES) are considered as a kind of important next-generation devices in the energy storage field because of their many advantages of high rate performance, suitable ratio between power density and energy density, long life cycle.
1-5As we know, electrode materials play a key role in determinating the performance of ES. Therefore, recent studies have been concentrated on developing appropriate materials with ideal characteristics of high surface area, good electrical conductivity and cycle stability for high-performance ES. To date, three major types of materials have been reported as the electrode materials for ES, including carbonaceous materials, 6-8 conducting polymers 9-11 and transition metal oxides/hydroxides.
12-14Of these various materials, transition metal oxides have attracted significant attention, due to they can achieve much higher capacity of storage charge than carbonaceous materials and better cycling performance than polymer materials. Hydrous RuO 2 exhibiting the remarkable pseudocapacitive behavior was recognized as the best electrode materials, but the high cost and toxicity hinder its widely commercial application. 15,16 In order to reduce the cost of precious metal use, great efforts have been made to investaging cheaper transition metal oxides with high rate and quasi-reversible of electrochemistry reaction and environmental friendliness to replace RuO 2 , such as MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 , Co 3 O 4 , ZnO, SnO 2 , NiO and their composites. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Recently, spinel nickel cobaltite (NiCo 2 O 4 ) has been proposed as a very potential alternative for electrode materials of ES, because its distinguished features of low cost and toxicity, high electrochemical response capacity, environmental friendliness and natural abundance. Moreover, compared to single-component oxides of cobalt oxide and nickel oxide, NiCo 2 O 4 can provide both nickel and cobalt ions for rich redox reactions, so it is expected to achieve higher capacitance and e...