Nanofriction Properties of Mono- and Double-Layer Ti3C2Tx MXenes

Kozak, A.O.; Hofbauerová, Monika; Halahovets, Yuriy; Pribusová-Slušná, Lenka; Precner, Marián; Mičušík, Matej; Orovčík, Ľubomír; Hulman, Martin; Stepura, Anastasiia; Omastová, Mária; Šiffalovič, Peter; Ťapajna, M.

doi:10.1021/acsami.2c08963

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…[ 123 ] Very recently, Serles et al experimentally demonstrated that Ti 3 C 2 T x does not show the typical layer dependence known for other 2D nanomaterials such as graphene and MoS 2 , [ 124 ] which was further confirmed by a recent AFM study. [ 125 ] They verified that the resulting frictional response is mainly governed by the surface chemistry of the materials. Through thermal annealing, the amount of OH terminations was reduced, thus lowering friction by 57% compared to the untreated, as‐received MXene.…”

Section: Nanotribology Of Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

et al. 2022

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efficiency, the significance of tribology becomes evident in light of global challenges such as decreasing earth resources, i.e., fossil fuel and minerals, as well as steadily rising CO 2 emissions contributing to global warming. [4,5] In this context, friction and wear have been identified as notably contributing toward a downgraded energy efficiency, inviting the development of greener, smarter, and more sustainable tribological processes and lubricants.Since ancient times, the most straightforward approach to reduce friction and wear was to place a liquid lubricant (oil or grease) between the rubbing surfaces. This greatly reduces or eliminates the solid-solid contact, thus enabling low-friction and lowwear conditions. [6] However, after centuries of use, liquid lubricants have been pushed toward their limits due to the current trend of continuously reducing the lubricant viscosity and, therefore, the resulting film thickness. This, in turn, increases the amount of solid-solid contact, leading to harsher tribological conditions with increased friction and wear. Combined with more stringent regulations regarding the use of sulfur-and phosphorous-containing lubricant additives as well as efforts toward decarbonization to reduce CO 2 emissions and hazardous wastes, these factors propel the urgent development of alternative lubrication concepts. [4] In this context, nanomaterials used as additives in base oils or applied as solid lubricant coatings have gained notableThe large and rapidly growing family of 2D early transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) raises significant interest in the materials science and chemistry of materials communities. Discovered a little more than a decade ago, MXenes have already demonstrated outstanding potential in various applications ranging from energy storage to biology and medicine. The past two years have witnessed increased experimental and theoretical efforts toward studying MXenes' mechanical and tribological properties when used as lubricant additives, reinforcement phases in composites, or solid lubricant coatings. Although research on the understanding of the friction and wear performance of MXenes under dry and lubricated conditions is still in its early stages, it has experienced rapid growth due to the excellent mechanical properties and chemical reactivities offered by MXenes that make them adaptable to being combined with other materials, thus boosting their tribological performance. In this perspective, the most promising results in the area of MXene tribology are summarized, future important problems to be pursued further are outlined, and methodological recommendations that could be useful for experts as well as newcomers to MXenes research, in particular, to the emerging area of MXene tribology, are provided.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202207757.

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Section: Nanotribology Of Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

et al. 2022

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“…frontiersin.org in few-layer MXene than single-layer MXene enhances the surface hydrophobicity. Therefore, the thinner water layer expected to form on the surface of few-layer MXene exposed to the ambient reduces the sliding resistance and, in turn, the friction force compared to single-layer MXene (Kozak et al, 2022). More recent AFM studies (Pendyala et al, 2022) of fewlayer Ti 3 C 2 T x also demonstrated a decrease in friction force with increasing number of layers from one to three layers (Figure 7B).…”

Section: Frontiers In Mechanical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…FIGURE 7Thickness-dependent friction of 2D MXene layers. (A) AFM topographic (i) and friction map (ii) images of few-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates(Kozak et al, 2022). (B) Thickness-dependent friction forces of few-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes for different loads(Pendyala et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

2022

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Bulk layered materials, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, have long been used as solid lubricants in various industrial applications. The weak interlayer van der Waals interactions in these materials generate a low shear slip-plane, which reduces the interfacial friction. The cumulative trends toward device miniaturization have increased the need for basic knowledge of the nanoscale friction of contact-mode devices containing layered materials. Further, the decomposition and degradation of bulk layered solids subjected to shear forces are detrimental to their lubricating characteristics. Layered-structure materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and MXenes consisting of single or few atomic layers, behave as a new class of lubricious substances when deposited at a sliding interface. The exceptional mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electronic properties, large theoretical specific area, and chemical inertness of these materials make them ideal antifriction materials for continuous sliding interfaces, especially when operated at elevated temperatures. These properties hold great promise for widespread applications both in dry environments, such as solid film lubrication for micro/nano-electromechanical systems, nanocomposite materials, space lubrication, and optical devices, as well as in wet environments, such as desalination membranes, lubricant additives, and nanofluidic transporters. However, accurate and reliable prediction of the frictional behavior of layered-structure materials is challenging due to the complex physicochemical transformations encountered under tribostress. The presence of a liquid in the vicinity of a surface in wet-environment applications further complicates the lubrication behavior of layered-structure materials. Furthermore, insight into the origins of interfacial friction and adhesion due to localized contact interactions can be accomplished by atomic-level experimental techniques and computational methods, such as atomic force microscope (AFM) in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT). The AFM setup mimics asperity-asperity contact at the atomic level and can measure the friction force of layered-structure materials, whereas MD and DFT can provide insight into the chemomechanical transformations commencing at hidden interfaces, which cannot be detected by experimental methods. The objective of this review article is threefold. First, the relationship between friction and potential energy surface is examined for different layered-structure material systems, and the parameters that mainly affect the energy corrugation are interpreted in the context of reported results. Second, the atomic-scale friction mechanisms of layered-structure materials in dry or vacuum environments are discussed in light of experimental and theoretical findings, focusing on the most crucial frictional energy dissipation mechanisms. Third, the complex mechanisms affecting the nanosccale friction of layered-structure materials incorporated in liquid media are introduced for ionic, polar, and non-polar solutions.

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“…Shi’s group demonstrated that incorporating Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene in the lubricating oil used for bearing steel can effectively enhance its tribological performance, and the combination of Sn–Ag–Cu–Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene and oil exhibits a synergistic effect, which resulted in improved wear resistance and bearing capacity of the material . However, the practical applications of MXene-based composites as lubricating materials are impeded by issues related to embedding stability, dispersibility, and oxidability. − Therefore, it remains a huge challenge to design and develop MXene-based composites with excellent tribological performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots@Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures

Wang,

Kan,

Yan

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Progress in nanolubricant additive is crucial to pursuit of energy saving and sustainable development. For enhancing lubrication efficiency of pentaerythritol ester (PETE) oil, we synthesized zerodimensional/two-dimensional (0D/2D) carbon dots(CD)@Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene hybrid composites using a facial hydrothermal method, which gave full play to interlayer shear mechanism of Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene, repair effect of carbon dots and their potential synergy. The composites were added to PETE as lubricating additives, during which ultrasonic treatment was employed to enhance the dispersion stability. The frictional tests confirmed that the addition of CD@Ti 3 C 2 T x resulted in significant reductions in friction and wear across varying temperatures owing to the ultrasmall size, interlayer sliding, and synergistic effect. The optimal concentration of 0.1 wt % of CD@Ti 3 C 2 T x reduced friction coefficients and wear volumes of PETE by 54.5% and 57.6% at 25 °C, 53.3% and 54.3% at 100 °C, and 40.0% and 45.9% at 200 °C, respectively. A tribofilm induced by complex tribochemical reactions, mainly consisting of carbon dots, Ti 3 C 2 T x , metal oxides, carbides, and nitrides, was generated at the contact interface, which significantly alleviated direct contact between the rubbing pair. This study explores the potential of CD@Ti 3 C 2 T x for development of advanced lubricating materials and is expected to contribute to wider adoption of MXene-based materials in the field of tribology.

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Nanofriction Properties of Mono- and Double-Layer Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

Carbon Dots@Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures

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Nanofriction Properties of Mono- and Double-Layer Ti3C2Tx MXenes

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

Nanoscale friction characteristics of layered-structure materials in dry and wet environments

Carbon Dots@Ti3C2Tx-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Nanofriction Properties of Mono- and Double-Layer Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes

Carbon Dots@Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene 0D/2D Hybrid Composites toward High-Performance Lubricating Additives under Varying Temperatures