Nanomachining carbon nanotubes with ion beams

Makala, Raghuveer S.; Paramasivam, Ganesan; D’Arcy-Gall, J.; Ramanath, Ganapathiraman; Marshall, Mike; Petrov, I.

doi:10.1063/1.1756191

Cited by 98 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…10 and 30 keV focused beams of Ga ions were shown 23 to be able to thin, slice, and alter the structure and composition of MWNTs at precise locations along the nanotube axis. This strategy of harnessing ion-beam-induced defect generation and doping could be attractive for modulating chemical and electrical properties along the nanotube length, and fabricating nanotube heterostructures, and networks for device applications.…”

Section: Experiments On Heavy Ion Irradiation Of Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…irradiation-induced changes in the morphology of nanotubes ͑e.g., welding due to irradiation 23 ͒, but this technique does not provide enough resolution to detect point defects.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques Used To Identify Defects In Nanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Besides, it was demonstrated that nanotubes can be interconnected or merged 9,12,17,18 and that irradiation can give rise to many interesting phenomena, such as extreme pressure inside nanotubes 19 or fullerenelike "onions," 6,20 so that these systems can be used as nanolaboratories for studying pressure-induced transformations at the nanoscale. Furthermore, recent experiments indicate that ion, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] electron, 6,39-52 and high energy photon [53][54][55][56] irradiation can be used to tailor the mechanical, 8,10 electronic, 11,[21][22][23] and even magnetic …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Krasheninnikov¹,

Nordlund²

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

944

591

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A common misconception is that the irradiation of solids with energetic electrons and ions has exclusively detrimental effects on the properties of target materials. In addition to the well-known cases of doping of bulk semiconductors and ion beam nitriding of steels, recent experiments show that irradiation can also have beneficial effects on nanostructured systems. Electron or ion beams may serve as tools to synthesize nanoclusters and nanowires, change their morphology in a controllable manner, and tailor their mechanical, electronic, and even magnetic properties. Harnessing irradiation as a tool for modifying material properties at the nanoscale requires having the full microscopic picture of defect production and annealing in nanotargets. In this article, we review recent progress in the understanding of effects of irradiation on various zero-dimensional and one-dimensional nanoscale systems, such as semiconductor and metal nanoclusters and nanowires, nanotubes, and fullerenes. We also consider the two-dimensional nanosystem graphene due to its similarity with carbon nanotubes. We dwell on both theoretical and experimental results and discuss at length not only the physics behind irradiation effects in nanostructures but also the technical applicability of irradiation for the engineering of nanosystems.

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Section: Experiments On Heavy Ion Irradiation Of Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…irradiation-induced changes in the morphology of nanotubes ͑e.g., welding due to irradiation 23 ͒, but this technique does not provide enough resolution to detect point defects.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques Used To Identify Defects In Nanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Krasheninnikov¹,

Nordlund²

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

944

591

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The irradiation damage induces local structural changes and, in extreme circumstances, transformations that are dependent on the energy and the dose of the irradiating ion. The structural changes in the diameter and transformation of MWCNTs to amorphous carbon rods and wires under the higher fluence of ion irradiation are re-ported by various researchers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Changes in the electronic structure, e.g., in the band gap of CNTs, have been studied due to the impact of energetic ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of fragmentation and multiple vacancy generation in irradiated single-walled carbon nanotubes

Javeed

Zeeshan

Ahmad

2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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The results from mass spectrometry of clusters sputtered from Cs + irradiated single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs) as a function of energy and dose identify the nature of the resulting damage in the form of multiple vacancy generation. For pristine SWCNTs at all Cs + energies, C 2 is the most dominant species, followed by C 3 , C 4 and C 1 . The experiments were performed in three stages: in the first stage, Cs + energy E(Cs + ) was varied. During the second stage, the nanotubes were irradiated continuously at E(Cs + ) = 5 keV for 1,800 s. Afterwards, the entire sequence of irradiation energies was repeated to differentiate between the fragmentation patterns of the pristine and of heavily irradiated SWCNTs. The sputtering and normalized yields identify the quantitative and relative extent of the ion-induced damage by creating double, triple and quadruple vacancies; the single vacancies are least favored. Sputtering from the heavily irradiated SWCNTs occurs not only from the damaged and fragmented nanotubes, but also from the inter-nanotube structures that are grown due to the accumulation of the sputtered clusters. Similar irradiation experiments were performed with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes; the results confirmed the dominant C 2 followed by C 3 , C 4 and C 1 .

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“…The initial efforts involved applying FIB to modify and manipulate CNTs directly with Ga+ ion beams [13][14][15][16]. However, due to the high impact momentum of Ga + , the carbon atoms are easily knocked out from their lattice locations and structural defects were induced inside the CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of Individual Carbon Nanotube Devices

Chow

Chai

2007

MRS Proc.

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Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques have found many applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology applications in recent years. However, not much work has been done using FIB to fabricate carbon nanotube devices. This is mainly due to the fact that carbon nanotubes are very fragile and energetic ion beam from FIB can easily damage the carbon nanotubes. Here we report the fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) devices, including electron field emitters, atomic force microscope tips, and nano-pores for biomedical applications. This is made possible by a unique, coaxial configuration consisting of a CNT embedded in a graphitic carbon coating, which was developed by us for FIB processing of carbon nanotubes. The CNT-based atomic force microscope tip has been demonstrated. The electron field emission from the tip and the side wall of CNT will be discussed. We will also report the fabrication of a multiwall carbon nanotube nanopore for future applications.

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Nanomachining carbon nanotubes with ion beams

Cited by 98 publications

References 13 publications

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Dynamics of fragmentation and multiple vacancy generation in irradiated single-walled carbon nanotubes

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of Individual Carbon Nanotube Devices

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