Nanomaterial-mediated low-temperature photothermal therapy via heat shock protein inhibition

Abstract

With the continuous development of nanobiotechnology in recent years, combining photothermal materials with nanotechnology for tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn many attentions nanomedicine research. Although nanomaterial-mediated PTT is more specific and targeted than traditional treatment modalities, hyperthermia can also damage normal cells. Therefore, researchers have proposed the concept of low-temperature PTT, in which the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is inhibited. In this article, the research strategies proposed in recent years based on the inhibition of HSPs expression to achieve low-temperature PTT was reviewed. Folowing this, the synthesis, properties, and applications of these nanomaterials were introduced. In addition, we also summarized the problems of nanomaterial-mediated low-temperature PTT at this stage and provided an outlook on future research directions.

Nanotheranostic Trojan Horse for visualization and photo-immunotherapy of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection

“…Considering the hyperthermia-induced bactericidal effect of MP-MENP, we then investigated the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) by MRSA after PTT, because HSPs are representative of defense-related proteins that resist thermal stress. As danger signals, they are commonly found in almost all organisms, from bacteria to humans, and can be rapidly produced and released when cells suffer from elevated environmental temperatures [ 25 , 26 ]. From Fig.…”

GSH-Responsive Liposomes with Heat Shock Protein Regulatory Ability for Efficient Photodynamic/Photothermal Combined Therapy of Tumors

“…As an acute response protein, HSPs are widely considered to be key factors allowing tumor cells to resist heat-induced cell death and initiate tumor defense mechanisms. 13,14 Unfortunately, HSPs are overexpressed in tumor cells under the influence of temperature, allowing tumor cells to rapidly acquire thermal resistance, leading to increased heat resistance of the tumor cells and thus reducing the efficiency of PTT. 15,16 HSP90, as a member of the HSP family, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved active protein in cells.…”

“…Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play an important role in maintaining correct protein expression, cell growth, and development. As an acute response protein, HSPs are widely considered to be key factors allowing tumor cells to resist heat-induced cell death and initiate tumor defense mechanisms. , Unfortunately, HSPs are overexpressed in tumor cells under the influence of temperature, allowing tumor cells to rapidly acquire thermal resistance, leading to increased heat resistance of the tumor cells and thus reducing the efficiency of PTT. , HSP90, as a member of the HSP family, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved active protein in cells. Compared to normal cells, HSP90 is more abundant in tumor cells and plays an important role in the formation and growth of tumors, making HSP90 a potential tumor marker.…”

A Novel Hexokinases Inhibitor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Combined Starvation and Enhanced Photothermal Therapy of Malignant Tumors

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a kind of noninvasive treatment strategy that has unique advantages, such as low toxicity, high efficacy, and harmless to normal tissues. − But, over the course of PTT, cytoprotective and antiapoptotic pathwaysespecially the overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) , could be activated by hyperthermia, which will result in the cellular resistance heat injury. − Therefore, in order to overcome the negative impact of HSPs during the PTT process, small interfering RNA (SiRNA) − and small molecular HSP inhibitors − have been applied for promoted PTT recently. However, their abilities to inhibit HSP expression are prominently restricted by the limitations such as lack of generalizability and lag in the onset of action .…”