Nanomaterials as potential and versatile platform for next generation tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging field where alternate/artificial tissues or organ substitutes are implanted to mimic the functionality of damaged or injured tissues. Earlier efforts were made to develop natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic materials for skin equivalents to treat burns or skin wounds. Nowadays, many more tissues like bone, cardiac, cartilage, heart, liver, cornea, blood vessels, and so forth are being engineered using 3‐D biomaterial constructs or scaffolds that could deliver active molecules such as peptides or growth factors. Nanomaterials (NMs) due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties possess significant opportunities in TE applications. Traditional TE scaffolds were based on hydrolytically degradable macroporous materials, whereas current approaches emphasize on controlling cell behaviors and tissue formation by nano‐scale topography that closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix. This review article gives a comprehensive outlook of different organ specific NMs which are being used for diversified TE applications. Varieties of NMs are known to serve as biological alternatives to repair or replace a portion or whole of the nonfunctional or damaged tissue. NMs may promote greater amounts of specific interactions stimulated at the cellular level, ultimately leading to more efficient new tissue formation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2433–2449, 2019.

Electrospun PCL and PLA hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds containing Nigella sativa herbal extract for effective wound healing

“…[1] The application of nanomaterial in biomedical engineering has grown dramatically. [2,3] Tissue engineering is multiple domains of knowledge that had been studied in the past decade. Its main purpose is to apply the principles of engineering and biotechnology to develop natural alternatives with a view of restoration, repair, and maintenance of tissue texture enhancement.…”

Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing in Different Order Impregnation of Chitosan and Collagen

“…Collagen is known as one of the main proteins in the skin, which is biocompatible and can support cell and tissue growth [23]. Therefore, collagen has become a promoting candidate for wound dressing material, since active wound dressings must be chemically similar to a protein structure that can support the proliferation, and enhance fibroblast cell growth, in human skin [24][25][26].…”

Titania Nanofiber Scaffolds with Enhanced Biointegration Activity—Preliminary In Vitro Studies

“…The wide use of long-term implants in various fields of medicine is associated with an increasing demand for bone replacement materials to reconstruct the function of bone tissues and their rapid and effective healing [1,2,3,4,5]. Successful meeting of these requirements depends mainly on the degree of integration between the biomaterial (implant) and the native bone tissue.…”

“…Successful meeting of these requirements depends mainly on the degree of integration between the biomaterial (implant) and the native bone tissue. Hard materials (metals and their alloys) used in biomedical applications must exhibit specific properties in order to promote bone regeneration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, [1,2,3,6,7]. The material suitable for implants should be biocompatible, should possess excellent corrosion resistance, optimal Young’s modulus (similar to bone’s modulus), low weight, high fatigue resistance, and adequate porosity.…”