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Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer commonly used for wound dressing due to its high biocompatible properties either in-vitro or in-vivo. The three-dimensional fiber structure of BC becomes an advantage because it provides a template for the impregnation of materials in order to improve BC’s properties as a wound dressing, since BC has not displayed any bioactivity properties. In this study, micro-colloidal Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (MZA) fruit was loaded into BC fibers via an in-situ method. Z. acanthopodium is known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that can support BC to accelerate the wound healing process. The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis results showed that the loading process of MZA and the composite fabrication were successfully carried out. The TGA test also showed that the presence of MZA in BC fibers decreased Tmax composite from BC, from 357.8 to 334.5 °C for BC-MZA3. Other aspects, i.e., water content, porosity, hemocompatibility and histology studies, also showed that the composite could potentially be used as a wound dressing.

Bacterial cellulose (BC), chitosan (Chi), and collagen (Col) are known as biopolymers which have met some properties that are required as wound dressing. This study focused on investigating the fabrication of BC-based wound dressing with chitosan and collagen, since chitosan has red blood cells binding and anti-bacterial properties, while collagen can support cell and tissue growth for skin wounds. The BC-based wound dressing was prepared by impregnating BC fibers in the chitosan and/or collagen solution for 24 h. FTIR was used to confirm the intermolecular interaction of amine and hydroxyl group of chitosan and/or collagen in BC-based wound dressing. Furthermore, the XRD diffractogram of the wound dressing show broader peaks at 14.2°, 16.6°, and 22.4° due to the presence of chitosan and collagen molecules in BC fibers. These results were then supported by SEM images which confirmed that chitosan and collagen were well penetrated into BC fibers. TGA curves revealed that BC/Chi/Col has better thermal properties based on the Tmax compare to BC/Col/Chi. Feasibility of the mats to be applied as wound dressing was also supported by other tests, i.e., water content, porosity, and hemocompatibility, which indicates that the wound dressing is classified as nonhemolytic materials. However, BC/Col/Chi was considered a more potential wound dressing to be applied compared to BC/Chi/Col since it has larger pores and showed better antibacterial properties (larger zones of inhibition) against S. aureus and E. coli via disk diffusion tests.

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Abstract. Gea S, Pasaribu KM, Sarumaha AA, Rahayu S. 2022. Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium. Biodiversitas 23: 2601-2608. The use of conventional plastics has become one of the biggest environmental problems because of their difficulties in decomposing. Bioplastics are plastics that are decompose easily in nature as they are naturally sourced. The purpose of this research was to create antimicrobial bioplastics from cassava starch with the addition of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a reinforcement material and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman) as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, this study determines the optimal concentration of BC and the antibacterial effect of Z. acanthopodium extract in bioplastics produced by the solution casting method. The addition of BC to bioplastics changed the properties of bioplastics, according to FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and tensile strength analysis. Mechanical analysis showed an increase in tensile strength with higher amount of BC. The best tensile strength was observed in CS2BCA sample (2.34 MPa). The antibacterial test of bioplastic samples showed good inhibition zone (10.8 mm) against Bacillus cereus.