Nanomaterials in the environment aquatic ecotoxicity tests of some nanomaterials

Velzeboer, Ilona; Hendriks, A. Jan; Ragas, A.M.J.; Meent, Dik van de

doi:10.1897/07-509.1

Cited by 151 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…, and are clearly toxic at greater concentrations, although some studies indicated no toxicity at any tested concentration ranging from 25 mg L -1 to 20 g L -1 (e.g., Heinlaan et al 2008;Jiang et al 2009a, b;Miller et al 2010;Velzeboer et al 2008;Xia et al 2008). Interestingly for CeO 2 , studies done on the same species and at similar concentrations occasionally resulted in toxic effects occurring at fairly different concentrations, which resulted in them being placed in different categories in this study (Gaiser et al 2011;García et al 2011;Hoecke et al 2009;Rogers et al 2010).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Carbon-based NPs, including C 60 , SWCNTs, and MWCNTs show some toxicity at concentrations below 10 mg L -1 (Velzeboer et al 2008;Zhu et al 2007Zhu et al , 2009) and all other studies indicate some toxicity though not at concentrations likely to occur in the environment. Similarly, Cu/CuO, Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 3 O 4 , and NiO also caused some toxicity at all tested concentrations.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A similar range of concentrations of TiO 2 caused differing toxic effects (e.g., Adams et al 2006;García et al 2011;Heinlaan et al 2008;Simon-Deckers et al 2009;Zhu et al 2009 (Li et al 2010a, b, c). Cr 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 did not cause any toxicity at concentrations up to 100 mg L -1 (Horie et al 2013;Singh et al 2011;Velzeboer et al 2008). Sb 2 O 3 caused toxicity only at concentrations greater than 140 mg L -1 (Baek and An 2011).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Emerging patterns for engineered nanomaterials in the environment: a review of fate and toxicity studies

2014

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A comprehensive assessment of the environmental risks posed by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) entering the environment is necessary, due in part to the recent predictions of ENM release quantities and because ENMs have been identified in waste leachate. The technical complexity of measuring ENM fate and transport processes in all environments necessitates identifying trends in ENM processes. Emerging information on the environmental fate and toxicity of many ENMs was collected to provide a better understanding of their environmental implications. Little research has been conducted on the fate of ENMs in the atmosphere; however, most studies indicate that ENMs will in general have limited transport in the atmosphere due to rapid settling. Studies of ENM fate in realistic aquatic media indicates that in general, ENMs are more stable in freshwater and stormwater than in seawater or groundwater, suggesting that transport may be higher in freshwater than in seawater. ENMs in saline waters generally sediment out over the course of hours to days, leading to likely accumulation in sediments. Dissolution is significant for specific ENMs (e.g., Ag, ZnO, copper ENMs, nano zero-valent iron), which can result in their transformation from nanoparticles to ions, but the metal ions pose their own toxicity concerns. In soil, the fate of ENMs is strongly dependent on the size of the ENM aggregates, groundwater chemistry, as well as the pore size and soil particle size. Most groundwater studies have focused on unfavorable deposition conditions, but that is unlikely to be the case in many natural groundwaters with significant ionic strength due to hardness or salinity. While much still needs to be better understood, emerging patterns with regards to ENM fate, transport, and exposure combined with emerging information on toxicity indicate that risk is low for most ENMs, though current exposure estimates compared with current data on toxicity indicates that at current production and release levels, exposure to Ag, nZVI, and ZnO may cause toxicity to freshwater and marine species.

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Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Emerging patterns for engineered nanomaterials in the environment: a review of fate and toxicity studies

2014

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“…Both may thus apply to NM, too. Reported exposure times in nanotoxicity studies range from 4.5 h [ 20 ] Table 2 ). Using these standard protocols may imply an easy comparison to data on the toxicity of chemicals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Nanomaterial Toxicity in Unicellular Eukaryotic Algae and Fish Cell Lines

Kröll

Kühnel

Schirmer

2013

Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology

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Nanoecotoxicology as a sub-discipline of ecotoxicology aims to identify and predict effects elicited on ecosystems by nano-sized materials (NM). Two key groups of model organisms in this context are algae and fi sh. In this chapter, we present considerations for testing NM with respect to their impact on unicellular algae and cell lines derived from various organs of fi sh.Based on currently available literature on NM effects in unicellular algae and fi sh cell lines, and our own experience, we provide guidance on test design, including principle test considerations, materials, NM presentation to cells, exposure, bioavailability, and effect assessment. Assessment needs to be based on a meaningful choice of exposure scenario(s) related to the research question. As a fi rst step, one needs to address whether effects of NMs are to be investigated under environmentally relevant or probable conditions, which may include processes such as agglomeration, or whether NM effects from mono-dispersed particles are of interest, which may require special steps to ensure stable NM suspension. Moreover, whether effects on cells are to be studied in the short-or long-term is important with regard to experimental design. Preparation of NM suspensions, which can be done in aqueous media different from the exposure medium, is addressed with regard to energy input, sterility (as required for algae and fi sh cell exposure) and particle purity.Specifi ed for the two model systems, algae and fi sh cell lines, availability and choice of culture media are presented and discussed with regard to impact on NM behavior. Light, temperature, and agitation, which are variables during exposure, are discussed. We further provide guidance on the characterization of the NM in the chosen aqueous exposure media regarding size, zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. The state of NM in exposure media is decisive for their bioavailability and therefore for potential particle effects. Therefore, we present ways of deriving a mass balance and quantitative/qualitative information on the uptake and distribution of NM in cells.As NM have a high surface-to-volume ratio and possess specifi c physical-chemical properties, which make them prone to interfere with various compounds and certain types of toxicity tests, potential interferences and appropriate controls are introduced. Furthermore, different types of dose metrics, which is still a strongly debated issue in nanotoxicology, are highlighted. We also consider laboratory safety regarding NM handling and disposal.

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“…Studies on the potential effects of these fine particles on human health and on the environment are therefore very important. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] It was reported that various fine particles adhered to pollen in the atmosphere. 15,16 The physiological activities of pollen grains could be influenced by the adhesion of fine particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerene fine particles adhere to pollen grains and affect their autofluorescence and germination

Aoyagi¹,

Ugwu²

2011

NSA

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Adhesion of commercially produced fullerene fine particles to Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Camellia japonica pollen grains was investigated. The autofluorescence of pollen grains was affected by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains. The degree of adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains varied depending on the type of fullerene. Furthermore, germination of Camellia japonica pollen grains was inhibited by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles.

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Nanomaterials in the environment aquatic ecotoxicity tests of some nanomaterials

Cited by 151 publications

References 20 publications

Emerging patterns for engineered nanomaterials in the environment: a review of fate and toxicity studies

Emerging patterns for engineered nanomaterials in the environment: a review of fate and toxicity studies

Testing Nanomaterial Toxicity in Unicellular Eukaryotic Algae and Fish Cell Lines

Fullerene fine particles adhere to pollen grains and affect their autofluorescence and germination

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