Nanomedicine for the Diagnosis and Therapy of COVID-19

Abstract

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemics caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading around the world due to its high infection rate, long incubation period, as well as lack of effective diagnosis and therapy or vaccines, which is tearing global health systems apart. It is an urgent demand for point-of-care diagnosis and effective treatment to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Currently, based on the rapid development of functional materials with unique physicochemical features through advanced fabrication and chemical modification, nanomaterials provide an emerging tool to detect SARS-CoV-2, inhibit the interplay in the virus and host cell interface, and enhance host immune response. In our manuscript, we summarized recent advances of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19. The limitation, current challenges, and perspectives for the nano-diagnosis and nano-therapy of COVID-19 are proposed. The review is expected to enable researchers to understand the effect of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19 and may catalyze breakthroughs in this area.

An update on vaccine status and the role of nanomedicine against SARS‐CoV‐2: A narrative review

“…Evidence shows that nanoparticles function as potential tools for modulating the immune system that activates the immune activity against viruses. For instance, the modification of graphene oxide with amino groups altered the signaling mechanism of STAT1/IRF1 interferons in T lymphocytes which further induced chemoattractant expression 139 …”

“…For instance, the modification of graphene oxide with amino groups altered the signaling mechanism of STAT1/ IRF1 interferons in T lymphocytes which further induced chemoattractant expression. 139 A report by Zhang and colleagues described two types of cellular nanosponges, namely, human pulmonary epithelial type II nanosponges and human macrophage nanosponges. These nanosponges attract SARS-CoV-2 viruses and capture them, resulting in the neutralization and disabling of SARS-CoV-2 viruses.…”

“…Nanomaterials can provide a powerful solution to neutralize the coronavirus infection. The utilization of nanoparticles has significant potential in terms of developing updated treatment strategies for COVID‐19 139 . Based on the published literature, using nanomaterials like liposomes, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles and so forth, offer a number of solutions for safe and effective COVID‐19 treatment, reducing drug toxicity, improvement of physicochemical properties, enabling drug encapsulation, and targeting the specific binding site 130,140 .…”

“…The utilization of nanoparticles has significant potential in terms of developing updated treatment strategies for COVID‐19. 139 Based on the published literature, using nanomaterials like liposomes, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles and so forth, offer a number of solutions for safe and effective COVID‐19 treatment, reducing drug toxicity, improvement of physicochemical properties, enabling drug encapsulation, and targeting the specific binding site. 130 , 140 Evidence shows that nanoparticles function as potential tools for modulating the immune system that activates the immune activity against viruses.…”

“…For instance, the modification of graphene oxide with amino groups altered the signaling mechanism of STAT1/IRF1 interferons in T lymphocytes which further induced chemoattractant expression. 139 …”