Nanomedicines: intervention in inflammatory pathways of cancer

Abstract

Inflammation is a complex defense process that maintains tissue homeostasis. However, this complex cascade, if lasts long, may contribute to pathogenesis of several diseases. Chronic inflammation has been exhaustively studied in the last few decades, for its contribution in development and progression of cancer. The intrinsic limitations of conventional anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies triggered the development of nanomedicines for more effective and safer therapies. Targeting inflammation and tumor cells by nanoparticles, encapsulated with active therapeutic agents, offers a promising outcome with patient survival. Considerable technological success has been achieved in this field through exploitation of tumor microenvironment, and recognition of molecules overexpressed on endothelial cells or macrophages, through enhanced vascular permeability, or by rendering biomimetic approach to nanoparticles. This review focusses on the inflammatory pathways in progression of a tumor, and advancement in nanotechnologies targeting these pathways. We also aim to identify the gaps that hinder the successful clinical translation of nanotherapeutics with further clinical studies that will allow oncologist to precisely identify the patients who may be benefited from nanotherapy at time when promotion or progression of tumor initiates. It is postulated that the nanomedicines, in near future, will shift the paradigm of cancer treatment and improve patient survival. Graphical abstract

Nanotherapy to Reshape the Tumor Microenvironment: A New Strategy for Prostate Cancer Treatment

“…When the NPs are distributed at appropriate intervals to facilitate their accumulation at the tumor site, the targeted drugs can reduce toxicity. Nanotype drugs include various carrier molecules, exhibit therapeutic effects, and can be altered by chemical and physical changes according to the optimal properties of patients …”

“…Nanotype drugs include various carrier molecules, exhibit therapeutic effects, and can be altered by chemical and physical changes according to the optimal properties of patients. 39 3.2. History of Nanotherapy.…”

Advanced NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging Technology for Precise Evaluation of Nanomedicine Delivery in Cancer Therapy

“…By modifying nanomedicine with ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, nucleic acid aptamers, folate (FA), etc., their adherence to tumor tissues and cell surfaces is enhanced, facilitating their selective delivery to tumors [92][93][94]. Song et al proposed a novel nanomedicine (T&D@RGD-Ag2S) that can rapidly and specifically bind to the tumor vasculature upon intravenous injection based on highly specific recognition between RGD Reproduced with permission from [90], copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.…”