Nanomembrane-based Apheresis as Safe and Effective Therapy for Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Heavy training schedules or endurance competitions in marathon are forms of extreme physical stress and lead to immunodepression in runners which could be associated with increased susceptibility to viral reactivation by ubiquitous viral infection such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Lately, it was confirmed presence of elevated CMV and EBV loads and the lower antibody titers in competitive athletes. The most common clinical features are fatigue and adynamia accompanied with liver damage, varying from mild and transient elevation of aminotransferases to serious acute hepatitis and liver failure. CASE REPORT: Bearing in mind that a professional practice of marathon running is hazardous for the liver, therapeutic action is necessary as soon as possible to avoid serious complications and even cessation of professional competition. In our case report of professional female marathon runner, we need to treat CMV and EBV reactivation which caused liver damage, prevented regular trainings, and upcoming competitions. We opted for four sessions of nanomembrane based apheresis performed every other day for removal pathological products resulting from virus reactivation to break through the course of the disease and to prevent complications. After completing the whole procedure control laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound were in physiological ranges. CONCLUSION: Hence, nanomembrane based apheresis can be effective and safe treatment of liver damages for elite marathon runners as well as for athletes.

Nanomembrane-Based Apheresis: A Simple and Safe Procedure for Preventing Cardiovascular Complications in Metabolic Syndrome

“…These filters are produced in a way that preserves blood cells not only by pore size but also by their rounded edges [25]. However, our results indicated that LVPE may affect inflammatory and coagulation pathways through a significant decrease in SE, platelet count, and mean platelet volume (MPV).…”

Our Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis Acute Exacerbations with a Novel Nanomembrane-Based Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Technology

“…Novel nanomembrane-based technology was approved by the American Society for Apheresis as a minimally invasive treatment. It is characterized by rapid control of quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of plasma and blood components using a semi-permeable nanomembrane that localizes immunologically active compounds on its surface [ 15 ]. According to the American Academy of Neurology 2011 plasmapheresis guidelines, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of plasmapheresis for MG [ 7 ].…”