Nanomesh‐Structured Ultrathin Membranes Harnessing the Unidirectional Alignment of Viruses on a Graphene‐Oxide Film

Abstract

Ultrathin membranes of M13 viruses are demonstrated. Genetically engineered viruses are first selectively bound on the edges of graphene‐oxide nanosheets. Further applying a shear flow on the assembled viruses results in their unidirectional alignment with a constant interspacing. These unit viral layers are stacked such that each layer is perpendicular to the preceding layer, forming a nanomesh structure, which is utilized for the separation of nanoparticles.

Design and function of biomimetic multilayer water purification membranes

“…Remarkably, fluxes of 0.3-μm-thick SNF/HAP membranes are up to 8355 liter hour −1 m −2 bar −1 , more than 1000 times higher than those of commercial filtration membranes ( 41 – 43 ) and more than 4 times higher than those of most advanced, recently reported ultrathin membranes with similar thicknesses (Fig. 4E) ( 4 , 5 , 9 – 11 , 18 , 20 , 21 ). In addition, the flux of the SNF/HAP membranes is stable in a 24-hour filtration assessment (Fig.…”

Scaffolding of Enzymes on Virus Nanoarrays: Effects of Confinement and Virus Organization on Biocatalysis

“…One of the interests of using viruses as nanocarriers, especially linear viruses, is that, in spite of their nanometric size, they can be manipulated using a variety of techniques to form ordered patterns . Indeed, it has been reported that bacteriophage M13, differing from fd by only a single amino‐acid change in the major coat protein P8, can be patterned into nanoarrays of oriented viruses on various surfaces, such as graphene oxide, SiO 2 , or polymer surfaces, via a simple molecular combing technique . Molecular combing relies on the shear forces generated by a recessing meniscus to align high aspect ratio macromolecules at interfaces .…”

Chemically Modifying Viruses for Diverse Applications

“…Stacking of such layers generates ultrathin nanomesh membranes with highly selective pore sizes suitable for water-treatment applications. 87 …”